兔病毒性出血症研究进展及其在国际上的评价  

PROGRESS OF RESEARCHES ON RABBIT VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE AND ITS VALUATION

作　　者：徐为燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学动物医学系

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》1994年第3期47-52,共6页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部七五攻关课题

摘　　要：兔病毒性出血症是中国首先报道的一种毁灭性传染病。此病在各种病名下遍及欧洲大部分地区，但均无病原特征的描述。兔出血症病毒（ＲＨＤＶ）是一种新发现的病毒，直径３２～３４ｎｍ，二十面体对称，无囊膜，存在于感染细胞的核和胞浆内。它对酸（ｐＨ３）、热（６０℃）、乙醚（２０％）和ＭｇＣｌ２（１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）有坚强的抵抗力。在ＣｓＣｌ中的浮密度为１．３６～１．３８ｇ／ｃｍ２；在蔗糖梯度中的沉降系数为１６２Ｓ。它能凝集人红细胞，滴度可达１０×２１８以上。在细胞培养中很难适应。核酸为线状单股ＤＮＡ，末端有发夹结构。用体外合成的双股ＤＮＡ，取其酶切片段插入ＢＳ质粒后，转化ＤＨ大肠杆菌。从重组质粒提取的２个片段（ｐＹＣ－２和ｐＹＣ－９）以同位素或光敏生物素标记后，能与ＲＨＤＶ和一部分细小病毒杂交。在诊断中最有效的血清学试验为ＨＡ－ＨＩ和ＥＬＩＳＡ。灭活疫苗效果确实，已为所有发病各国所证实。根据以上特征，ＲＨＤＶ被认为是一种细小病毒样病毒，但欧洲学者持不同看法。Viral hemorrhagic disease in rabbits reported by Chinese scientists in 1984 was a destructive and infective disease, which spread in vast areas of Europe under different names and without any description of its causal agent.Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus(RHDV) was a newly discovered virus, 32-34 nm in size,icosahedral and naked,existing in both nuclei and cytoplasm of infected cells.It was resistant to acid(pH 3),hint(60℃),and ether(20%).Its buoyant density in CsCl was 1.36-1.38g/cm3 and itS sedimentation coefficient in saccharose gradients was 162S.It could agglutinate human erythrocytes,with a HA titer above 10X218.It was difficult to grow in cell cultures.Its genome was linear ssDNA, with hairpins at terminal ends.Enzyme-digested fragmentS of dsDNA synthesized in vitro was inserted into the plasmid BS,which transfected E.coli strain DH.Two nucleic acid fragments pYC2 and pYC-9,cloned from the recombinant plasmids after multiplication and labelled with isotope or photobiotin could hybridize with nucleic acids of RHDV and some parvoviruses.The most efficient serologic test was HA-HI and the next was ELISA.Inactivated vaccine,providing strong protection to the vaccinated rabbits, was confirmed by veterinarians of many countries. Based on the properties described above,it was suggested that RHDV was a parvolike virus,though an opposite view was proposed by European scientists.

关 键 词：病毒性出血症 高效液相色谱 兔病 

分 类 号：S858.291.5[农业科学—临床兽医学]