植物乙烯生物合成与抗衰老基因工程  

ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS AND SENESCENCE RESISTANT GENETIC ENGINEERING IN PLANTS

作　　者：姚泉洪[1] 黄晓敏[1] 刘宗镇[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院植物保护研究所

出　　处：《上海农业学报》1994年第2期89-96,共8页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

摘　　要：乙烯生物合成或生理作用的化学抑制剂可大大延缓许多植物果实的成熟及花的老化。高等植物体内乙烯生物合成途径为：甲硫氨酸（Ｍｅｔ）→Ｓ－腺苷甲硫氨酸（Ａｄｏｍｅｔ）→氨基环丙烷羧酸（ＡＣＣ）→乙烯（Ｃ２Ｈ４）。迄今，编码ＡＣＣ合成酶和ＡＣＣ氧化酶的ｃＤＮＡ被克隆，而且已应用基因工程手段调节植物乙烯产生。这有利于研究乙烯在植物生长、发育过程中的生理作用，并可用于延长果实、蔬菜的货架寿命。本文叙述了植物乙烯生物合成的最新研究进展。Ethylene is involved in many aspects of plant growth and development, including fruit ripening, senescence, and stress responses, its role in promoting climateric fruit ripening is particularly well established. Chemical inhibitors of ethylene synthesis or action completely block ripening of fruits and senescence of flowers in many plant species. The biosynthesis of ethylene in higher plants was elucidated as a process by the following pathway: Methionine (Met) →S-adenosyl-L-methionine (Adomet)→1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid (ACC)→C2H4. Recently, the cDNA encoding ACC synthase and ACC oxidase was cloned and the genetic engineering was used to regulate the ethylene production. This is useful for examining the role of ethylene in many developmental and stress-related processes in plants as well as for extending the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. In this paper, we describe the research progress that has occurred recently with regard to ethylene biosynthesis.

关 键 词：乙烯 生物合成 基因转化 抗衰老 

分 类 号：Q946.885[生物学—植物学]