云南西双版纳桑寄生植物传播与鸟的关系研究  

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SPREAD OFLORANTHACEAE AND BIRDS IN XISHUANGBANNA , YUNNAN

作　　者：肖来云[1] 普正和[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所西双版纳热带植物园

出　　处：《生态学报》1994年第2期128-135,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

摘　　要：在西双版纳地区桑寄生植物的种子是鸟类传播。传播的鸟类主要是啄花鸟科的纯色啄花鸟、红胸啄花鸟、朱背啄花鸟和黄肛啄花鸟等。桑寄生植物种子的传播方式，一是鸟类吞食除去外果皮的种子或外果皮果肉相连着的种子，经消化道消化吸收大部分果肉或外果皮后，将种子排出体外；其次是鸟在觅食中遗漏种子进行传播。he fruits of Loranthaccae are berries or drupes composed of epicarp,pulp and seeds,with pulp having a weight of 0. 026-0. 123g, 42. 1 %-47. 20% of the whole fruit, heavierthan either the epicarp or the seeds and supplying more food to the birds. There is no rest pe-riod for the seeds and they can germinate in fruit ,with axis of embryo,sucker or even thecotyledons coming out but the axis of embryo not going out through the epicarp to continuedevelop. When the birds looking , for food, they remove epicarp or the epicarp with pulp ,makethe glutionous pulp naked and stick to the bark of trees ,then germinate and develop there.In Xishuangbanna the seeds of Loranthaceae were spread mainly by the birds such asplain flowerpecker . fire-breasted flowerpecker searlet-backed flowerpecker and yellow-ventedflowerpecker for flowerpeckers. The bodies of such kinds of bird are all small and light ,withsharp snout and talons. They movc quickly .and have small stomaches with a thin wall so thatthe digesting ability is weak .After being swallowed .all the seeds oet into intestines directlywith the pulp partly digested .and stayed in the intestines only for a short time,so the seedsare all kept survival well.The main way of spreading seeds of Loranthaceae is by means of birds. Birds swallowthe seeds without epicarp or with epicarp and pulp.digesting a part of the epicarp and pulp intheir intestines ,then exereting the seeds out of their boides immediately or when they fly toother trees. As a result . the seeds are spread to different distances. The second way for shortdistance spreading of the seeds often happened by throwing seeds around trees or the branch-es of its host trees when birds are picking the fruits.

关 键 词：桑寄生植物 种子 鸟 传播 西双版纳 

分 类 号：Q948.122.6[生物学—植物学]