内蒙古额济纳蒙古族荒漠景观多样性传统知识分析  

Study on the Traditional Knowledge about the Diversity of Desert Landscapes of the Mongolians in the Ejina, Inner Mongolia

作　　者：哈斯巴根[1] 肖笃宁[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学民族植物学研究所,呼和浩特010022 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2005年第1期68-73,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (No .3 0 160 0 18);国家自然科学基金重大研究项目 (No .90 10 2 0 0 4)

摘　　要：内蒙古额济纳蒙古族民间以不同的名称来区分的景观类型有 2 6种 ,包括自然景观 2 0种和人文景观 6种。民间对景观的分类可称之为“民间景观类型”(folklandscapetype)。“民间景观类型”中的自然景观主要根据植被建群植物、地形地貌与植被特征、地势地貌特征和地表水域特征命名 ;而人文景观主要根据人工建筑设施的名称来命名。额济纳蒙古族民间对景观类型的划分与景观生态学的景观生态类型的划分存在着很高的一致性。“民间景观类型”是民间利用和管理景观的基础 ,具有重要的科学参考价值和文化多样性意义。Biodiversity is mainly characterized by the properties of natural systems, it, however, is actually the result of the interaction between the social systems and the biological systems. The importance of biodiversity is not only reflected by the ecological value, but also it can provide people the necessary material basis and life materials on which people rely on for existence and has an important cultural significance. The importance of cultural diversity to biodiversity attracts more and more researchers to study it.Culture plays an important role in forming and reconstructing the landscapes, and the relations between them are quite close. In the Ejina desert area, for example, there are the close relations between the forests of Populus euphratica and Mongolians, and the natural landscapes and the Mongolian culture are in harmony to form the peculiar compound landscapes. The desert landscapes in the Ejina desert area are classified by indigenous Ejina Mongolians into 26 types including 20 types of natural landscapes and 6 types of humanistic landscapes. Folk landscape classification may be named as “folk landscape types”. The classification of natural landscapes of “folk landscape types” is mainly based on the community-building species of vegetation, topographical, morphological and vegetation features, topographical and morphological features and hydrological features of waters. The nomenclature of humanistic landscapes is mainly based on the names of artificial buildings and installation. There is a high consistency between the Mongolian folk classification of landscape types and the landscape ecological classification. The “folk landscape types” are the base of traditional use and management of landscapes, which have the significance of scientific reference and cultural diversity.

关 键 词：景观类型 植被特征 群植 水域 地势 景观多样性 设施 额济纳 地表水 荒漠 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]