不同肥料配合施用土壤有机碳盈亏分布  

SURPLUS-DEFIClT DlSTRIBUTlON OF ORGANIC CARBONIN SOIL UNDER COMBINED FERTILIZATION

作　　者：马成泽[1] 周勤 何方[1] 

机构地区：[1]六安行署土肥站,安徽农学院

出　　处：《土壤学报》1994年第1期34-41,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

摘　　要：几种施肥处理的田间试验结果表明：连续四年不施肥，土壤有机碳亏缺主要来自松结态有机无机复合体及缩合程度较低的腐殖质。因此，四年间土壤供肥能力明显降低。仅施化肥保持高产，土壤有机碳亏缺不多，亏损主要来自稳结态和紧结态腐殖质，由于残体“自然归还”的补偿，松结态碳尚有盈余，因此，对土壤复合体和供肥性能的不良影响较轻。有机肥与化肥配合施用，土壤有机碳均呈盈余平衡。土粪与化肥配合，盈余碳几乎在松结态与稳结态及紧结态复合体之间均衡分配，增加有机碳未能明显提高腐殖质的活性；在一定数量的化肥配合下施稻革或稻草加土粪，有机碳积累主要形成富啡酸并分配在松结态复合体中，因而可以促进土壤有机质周转并能改善土壤供肥性能。his paper reports the surplus-deficit distribution of organic carbon (O.C.) insoil obtained through a 4-year field experiment with different treatznents of fertili-zation. Results sbow that there was severe deficit in the balance of soil organic car-bon without fertilization, which caused the produce of loosely combined organic-mineral complexes and lowly condensed humus. APplication of cheinical fertilizeralone teniporarily kept higher productivity of soil and lost not much of organic car-bon in soil. Tbe loss of O.C. under this condition mainly came from the appearanceof the stably and tightly combined organic-mineral complexes and highly condensedhumus. Even thougb there was a decrease of total soil O.C., because of the compe-nsation of crop residues naturally returned to field, there still was surplus of loo-sely combined O.C. little loss of fulvic acid and a great loss of humic acid andhumin were observed in this case. It seeizis that fertilizer actually promoted the ren-ewal of soil humus and resulted in less undesirable influence on soil complex andnutrient-supplying ability in a short time. There was surplus balance of soil O.C. infield when organic materials were coinbined with chemical fertilizers. Large amountof manure applied in field rnade the surplus O.C. almost averagely distributed amongloosely, stably, and tightly combined complexes. However, the increase of soil O.C.still could not inarkedly improve the activity of humus. The accumulation of O.C.was mainly in the form of fuvic acid distributed among loosely combined organicmi-neral complexes when straw was added. This promoted the activity and cycle of soilhumus, and enhanced the property of nutrient supply capacity.

关 键 词：农田 施肥 土壤 有机碳 盈亏分布 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]