漠境生物土壤地球化学特点  

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VEGETATION IN THE DESERT REGION OF CHINA

作　　者：龚子同[1] 顾国安[1] 周瑞荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所

出　　处：《土壤学报》1994年第4期356-370,共15页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;中国科学院土壤圈物质循环开放实验室的资助

摘　　要：通过聚类分析，植物的化学组分中，常量元素分为四类，微量元素分为三类。根据植物最为富集的元素，按常量元素，有四种类型；按微量元素，有六种类型。植物的化学组成与土壤的化学成分并无直接相关，但与土壤类型特别是土壤地球化学类型有联系。漠土、盐土上的植物富Ｎａ＿２Ｏ；棕钙土、栗钙土上的植物富ＳｉＯ＿２。至于微量元素，棕钙土、栗钙土和其它山地土壤的植物，Ｍｎ＋Ｖ＋Ｃｏ＋Ｎｉ＋Ｂａ＋Ｃｕ／Ｓｒ＋Ｂ＋Ｚｎ＋Ｌｉ＞１；平原土壤上的植物，则＜１。盐渍土类型上的植物，Ｋ＿２Ｏ＋Ｎａ＿２Ｏ／Ｃａｏ＋ＭｇＯ平均比值＞１，碳酸盐土、硅铝土类上的植物，上述平均比值均＜１，其中以碳酸盐土类型上的植物比值最小。Ｋ＿２Ｏ／Ｎａ＿２Ｏ比值以硅铝土类型的植物为最大。漠土、盐土上植物被迫吸收更多的Ｎａ，而对营养元素的吸收似有抑制。其它土壤类型的植物组成表现出多样性，显示植物的生物选择吸收作用。按吸收系数大小，富Ｎａ类植物属于聚Ｎａ富Ｐ型；富Ｓｉ和富Ｃａ类植物属聚Ｋ富Ｐ型。富Ｋ类植物属于聚Ｋ富Ｐ型。根据这些特点，对因地制宜利用当地植物资源，改良土壤和增进人类健康有重要意义。By the use of cluster analysis,the micro-elements of the vegetation can be sor-ted into 4 categories and the microelements into 3 categories.Based on the accumu-lated state of macro or micro-elements,the vegetation can be divided into 4 or 6types.The chemical composition in vegetation is not directly related to the chemicalcomposition of soils,but is closely related to the soil types and soil geochemicaltypes.The vegeta tion on desert soils and salinc soils belongs to Na-enriching cate-gories,whereas Si-enriching vegetation is mostly distributed on Chestnut soils andBrown calc soils.For microelements,he ratio(Mn+V+Co+Ni+Ba+Cu)/(Sr+B+Zn+Li)is more than 1 on Brown calc soils,Chestnut soils and mountainous soilsbut less than 1 on flat soils;as regard of the ratio(K_2O+Na_2O)/(CaO+MgO),itis more than 1 on saline soils,but less than 1 on Siallisols and Carbonate soils,ofwhich reaches minimum value on Carbonate soils.As for the ratio K_2O/Na_2O,itgets maximum value on Siallisols.It is found that the vegetation on desert soils and saline soils is forced to up-take more Na,but depress other nutrients. On other soils, the vegetation varies incomposition. It may be related to the selecting absorption. According to the absor-ption coefficient,the Na-enriching vegetation belongs to the Na-P accumulating type,the Si,Ca-enriching vegetation to the K-P accumulating type and the K-enrichingvegetation to the K-P accumulating type.Based on these characteristics, it is of important concern for utilizing local re-sources and improving soils and people's health.

关 键 词：漠土 植物 聚类分析 土壤 地球化学 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]