中国对虾快速生长新品种“黄海1号”的人工选育  

Artificial selection in the new breed of Fenneropenaeus chinensis named "Yellow Sea 1" based on fast growth trait

作　　者：李健[1] 刘萍[1] 何玉英[1] 宋全山 牟乃海 王清印[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]山东省日照水产研究所,山东日照276826

出　　处：《水产学报》2005年第1期1-5,共5页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30271038);国家科技攻关专题(2004BA526B0101);农业产业结构调整重大项目(2003-08-04A)

摘　　要：中国对虾经过连续6代的群体选育,表现出生长快、抗逆性强等优良的经济性状。选育群体的体长比对照平均增长8.40%,体重增长26.86%。抗逆性强,发病率不足10%,而未经选育的对照池发病率在40%以上。对不同世代进行了遗传结构分析,(1)同工酶:在13个基因位点中,MDH 2、GPI、MPI、PGM 2和PGM 3五个位点呈多态。PGM 3位点上的变异程度最高,其等位基因频率呈递减趋势,选育群体在MPI位点上发现c基因,其等位基因频率呈递增趋势,其平均观察杂合度呈依次递减趋势。(2)RAPD:对5个世代进行了RAPD分析,各世代间多态性比例呈下降趋势,F6代保持了F5水平。遗传分化指数Gst除F3与F4之间遗传分化弱之外,其他世代间已发生了中等程度的分化。(3)SSR:对5个世代进行了8个基因位点分析,共产生108个等位基因,群体间的杂合度呈下降趋势,F6保持了F5水平。遗传分化指数Gst值均小于0.05,说明中国对虾人工选育群体之间存在一定程度的分化,但分化较弱。After six-generation selection successively, Fenneropenaeus chinensis showed better economical traits such as fast growth and disease-resistance and so on. The average body length and the weight of each selective population increased by 8.4% and 26.86%, respectively, compared to the control. The morbidity was less than 10%, while it was more than 40% in the control. Genetic structure of each generation was also analyzed in the paper, the results were as follows: (1) Isozyme analysis: thirteen loci were examined and five loci were polymorphic, i.e., MDH-2, GPI, MPI, PGM-2 and PGM-3. There were significant differences at the locus PGM-3, and the gene frequency showed a decreased trend. At MPI locus allele C was found at the cultured populations, and the frequency showed an increased trend. (2) RAPD analysis: RAPD technique was used to investigate the genetic structure of five generation successively. The proportions of polymorphic loci showed a decreased trend while there was no difference between fifth generation and sixth generation. The degree of genetic differentiation (G_(st)) was moderate between populations except third population and fourth population. (3) SSR analysis: eight loci were analyzed among five generations, and 108 alleles were detected. The average heterozygosities showed a decreased trend while sixth generation remained the level of fifth generation. The values of G_(st) were less than 0.05, which showed that there was differentiation to some degree but it was weaker.

关 键 词：中国对虾 群体选育 快速生长群体 遗传结构 

分 类 号：Q347[生物学—遗传学]