甲壳动物渗透调节生理学研究进展  

Review on the osmoregulation of crustacean

作　　者：潘鲁青[1] 刘泓宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《水产学报》2005年第1期109-114,共6页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：山东省科技兴海项目"低盐度地下卤水凡纳滨对虾养殖技术的开发研究"资助(2001-3-6)

摘　　要：Osmoregulation involves many aspects of physiological function in crustacean. Crustacean species exhibit almost all possible patterns of osmotic regulation and they are widely distributed in most of known biotopes. With the changes of liquid environment, the structure and function of the osmoregulation organs（such as gills, antennary glands）,haemolymph osmotic pressure and ionic transport will turn to maintain the well-balanced metabolism, which are under the neuroendocrine regulation. The current research status of physiological mechanism of crustacean osmoregulation was reviewed in the following aspects: 1)Structure and function of gills and antennal glands（maxillary glands）. The gills are very important organs and play a prominenet role in osmoregulation; 2)Regulation of ion transport in branchial epithelium. Ion transport enzymes （Na+-K+-ATPase, V-ATPase,HCO3--ATPase and carbonicanhydrase） stimulated by bioamines and cAMP may participate in the ion transport of branchial epithelium in crustacean; 3)Haemolymph composition and osmoregulation. Haemolymph concentration of ion and free amino acid accompanied by metabolites of blood can contribute to the most of haemolymph osmotic pressure; 4)Neuroendocrine control. Many neuropeptides may regulate the osmotic pressure of haemolymph and proteinsases activity of epithelial gill cells. Bioamines, cAMP and CaM have been proved to stimulate the uptake of Na+ and transport of Cl-.Osmoregulation involves many aspects of physiological function in crustacean. Crustacean species exhibit almost all possible patterns of osmotic regulation and they are widely distributed in most of known biotopes. With the changes of liquid environment, the structure and function of the osmoregulation organs(such as gills, antennary glands),haemolymph osmotic pressure and ionic transport will turn to maintain the well-balanced metabolism, which are under the neuroendocrine regulation. The current research status of physiological mechanism of crustacean osmoregulation was reviewed in the following aspects: 1)Structure and function of gills and antennal glands(maxillary glands). The gills are very important organs and play a prominenet role in osmoregulation; 2)Regulation of ion transport in branchial epithelium. Ion transport enzymes (Na^+-K^+-ATPase, V-ATPase,HCO_3^--ATPase and carbonicanhydrase) stimulated by bioamines and cAMP may participate in the ion transport of branchial epithelium in crustacean; 3)Haemolymph composition and osmoregulation. Haemolymph concentration of ion and free amino acid accompanied by metabolites of blood can contribute to the most of haemolymph osmotic pressure; 4)Neuroendocrine control. Many neuropeptides may regulate the osmotic pressure of haemolymph and proteinsases activity of epithelial gill cells. Bioamines, cAMP and CaM have been proved to stimulate the uptake of Na^+ and transport of Cl^-.

关 键 词：甲壳动物 鳃 血淋巴 离子转运 渗透调节 神经内分泌 

分 类 号：Q45[生物学—生理学] S917[农业科学—水产科学]