元素硫和双氰胺对蔬菜地土壤硝态氮淋失的影响  

Effects of elemental sulphur and dicyandiamide on mitigating NO_3^-N leaching loss from vegetable soil

作　　者：赵言文[1] 刘常珍[1] 胡正义[2] 高义民[3] 王彩绒[3] 毕冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院,南京210095 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与持续农业国家重点实验室,南京210008 [3]西北农林科技大学,杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2005年第3期496-500,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技部"863"项目 ( 2 0 0 2AA60 1 0 1 2 );国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 ( 4 0 335 0 4 7) .

摘　　要：采用温室盆栽淋洗试验 ,以NH_4 HCO_3为氮肥源 ,研究了元素硫 (S0 )和双氰胺 (DCD)对种葱和不种作物土壤NO3- N淋失量和NO_3^- N、NH_4 ^+ N浓度的影响 .结果表明 ,在 1 2周试验期间 ,与对照相比 ,S0 +DCD和S0 处理NO_3~ N淋失量分别低 83%～ 86 %和 83% ;NH4 + N淋失量分别高 1 6 8～ 2 1 0mg·盆 - 1和 2 0 4～ 2 5 0mg·盆 - 1;而同期无机氮 (NO3- N +NH4 + N)淋失量则低 6 0 % .试验结束后 ,,S0 +DCD和S0 处理土壤无机氮含量分别比对照高 79 9%～ 85 4 %和 74 9%～ 82 6 % ,以NH4 + N为主 .S0 +DCD处理无机氮淋失量比S0 和DCD处理分别低 4 6 %～ 1 4 4 %和 1 5 4 %～ 30 1 % ;试验结束后土壤无机氮分别高 6 1 %和 1 6 8～ 36 0 % .在Na2 S2 O3+DCD、Na_2 S_2 O_3和DCD处理中也发现类似结果 .可见S0施入土壤具有与DCD同样的氨稳定和硝化抑制作用 .S0 与DCD配合施用可使DCD的硝化抑制性增强 ,其作用机理是S0 氧化中间体 S_2 O_32 - 、S4 O6 2 - ,具有抑制硝化和DCD降解作用 ,延缓DCD硝化抑制效果 .S0 与DCD配合施用可用于延缓太湖流域蔬菜地土壤NH_4~ + N向NO_3^- N转化 ,减少氮向水体迁移风险 .In a pot experiment with allium as test plant and NH 4HCO 3 as nitrogen source,this paper studied the effects of element sulphur(S 0)and dicyandiamide (DCD) on mitigating the NO 3 - N leaching loss from soil and on soil inorganic nitrogen (NO 3 - N and NH 4 + N) content.The results showed that within the 12 weeks of the experiment,the cumulative leaching loss of soil NO 3 - N in treatments S 0+DCD and S 0 was 83%～86% and 83% lower,while that of soil NH 4 + N was 16 8～21.0 mg·pot -1 and 20.4～25.0 mg·pot -1 higher than CK,respectively,and the cumulative loss of soil (NH 4 ++NO 3 -) N was 60% lower.By the end of the experiment,soil inorganic nitrogen content in treatments S 0 +DCD and S 0 was 79.9%～85.4% and 74.9～82.6% higher than CK,respectively.The cumulative leaching loss of inorganic N in treatment S 0 +DCD was 4.6%～14.4% and 15.4%～30.1% lower,and the soil inorganic nitrogen content by the end of the experiment was 6.1% and 16 8%～36 0% higher than that of treatments S 0 and DCD,respectively.Similar results were obtained when S 0 was replaced by Na 2S 2O 3,but not by Na 2SO 4.The fact that the application of S 0 could obviously decrease the NO 3 - N leaching loss from soil could be contributed to the inhibitory effects of S 2O 3 2- and S 4O 6 2- originated from S 0 oxidation in soil on the nitrification of NH 4 + N.S 0 could retard the decomposition of DCD due to the effect of its oxidized products S 2O 3 2- and S 4O 6 2- ,and thus,extend the inhibitory effect of DCD on NH 4 + N nitrification.It is suggested that S 0 combined with DCD could be used as an effective nitrification inhibitor to control the NO 3 - N leaching loss from vegetable soils.

关 键 词：元素硫 蔬菜地土壤 硝态氮 硝化抑制剂 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]