居室中放射性污染调查与辐射剂量估算  

Investigation of Indoor Radioactive Contamination and Exposure Dose Estimate

作　　者：张文涛[1] 李静[1] 胡验军[1] 张永坚 

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院,山西太原030006 [2]山西省卫生监督所,山西太原030002

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2005年第2期96-98,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：目的探讨不同类型房屋中放射性污染水平。方法于2003年在太原市某社区内监测了23间不同类型房屋的室内、外氡浓度及氡子体潜能、γ剂量率,以及地面和墙壁表面氡析出率。同时还测定了室内自来水和煤制气中氡浓度,地下室、平房、楼房居室中来源于土壤和建材、室外空气、水、煤制气的放射性水平。最后估算了室内、外氡暴露的年有效剂量当量。结果室内氡浓度、氡子体潜能、γ剂量率均高于室外。地面氡析出率高于墙壁。自来水和煤制气中氡浓度均值分别为4.39～7.36Bq/m3和11.55～51.07Bq/m3。室内放射性污染主要来源于土壤和建材中的氡析出,其次是室外空气中的氡及γ辐射,室内用水和煤气中氡及γ辐射的贡献很小。个体暴露于室内、外氡的年总剂量当量为1.94mSv。结论本次调查的所有居室均符合我国《室内空气质量卫生规范》的要求。调查结果为进一步研究居住环境中放射性污染奠定了基础。Objective To investigate the radiation pollution level of radon and γ radiation in air in different type of buildings. Methods 22 different type of rooms were selected and common measuring methods and REM-2 Radon exhalation rate apparatus and FD-125 Rn-Th measuring instrument were used. Results It indicated that the indoor radioactive contamination mostly root in the exhalation of soil and building material, secondly outdoor radon and γ radiation, water and the wall contributed little. Conclusion The results of the present paper have laid a foundation for the further study on the effect of radiation on human health and the protective technique.

关 键 词：空气污染 放射性 氡 空气污染 室内 

分 类 号：R126.6[医药卫生—环境卫生学] X837[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]