西丰梅花鹿品种选育研究和推广效果  

Breeding Selection and Application of Xifeng Sika Deer Breed

作　　者：王柏林 李景隆 魏吉明 李春雨 杨立祥 罗剑通 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省西丰县鹿业科学研究所,铁岭112400 [2]辽宁省西丰县鹿业发展局,铁岭112400 [3]辽宁省西丰县育才参茸场,铁岭112403

出　　处：《经济动物学报》2005年第1期14-20,共7页Journal of Economic Animal

基　　金：辽宁省科委 1 988~ 1 991年重大科研项目 (91 1 0 1 1 ) ;国家科委 1 997年"国家级科技成果重大推广计划项目"(981 40 30 5A)

摘　　要：采用个体表型选择种鹿、单公群母配种和大群闭锁繁育的方法,并应用对幼鹿的科学培育和选育鹿科学饲养管理等综合配套技术,经过193 1～1973年7个世代家养舍饲繁育、1974年选定系祖鹿建立选育群和育种核心群至1995年3个世代的连续系统选育,由源于东北梅花鹿和地方品种的西丰梅花鹿品种,在西丰县育才等4个参茸场育成了半山区舍饲型的3 60 1只西丰梅花鹿品种,其中,核心群鹿92 9只,占2 5 8%。该品种具有体貌相对一致,体型中等,体质结实,鲜茸平均单产3 2 0 5kg,成品茸平均单产1 2 5 9kg,茸的支头大,嘴头肥大,优质率高( 70. 9% ) ,畸型茸率低( 7.6% ) ,繁殖成活率77 .8% ,生产利用年限10年,遗传性状稳定,茸重的遗传力为0.49,重复力0. 63 ,产仔日期重复力0 .68,种用年限2.2年,鲜茸重的遗传进展5 19g,年改进量89g ,F1的杂种优势率茸重性状13.0 4% ,繁殖成活率的为18.94% ,选育的第Ⅲ世代年只均新增纯收益成年公鹿10 3 0元,成年母鹿790元,已获经济效益12 2 1万元,科研投资年均纯收益率5 .63元/元;又经1996～2 0 0 4年在本县和2 0多个省、市、自治区上百家万余只的推广应用表明,西丰梅花鹿的生产性能和遗传性能稳定,稳产高产高效,年只均创净效益成年公鹿15 0 0元,成年母鹿160 0元,其杂交改良效果。deer of Xifeng deer breed were selected and raised by various breeding and reproductive methods, the center group deer are 929 which the percentage is 25.8% among those deer; the appearance of the breed is almost identical, taking on medium size and strong physical body, the mean weight per fresh velvet antler is 3.205 kg and finished product 1.259 g.The high quality rate of the antler with big diameter and sharp tender branches is up to (70.9%) and 7.6% in abnormal velvet antler; the reproductive and survive rate is 77.8% and last for 10 years in the productive year with high environmental adaptability and stable heredity.The heredity of antler weight is 0.49 and 0.63 in the repeat rate, even 0.68 in the reproductive year; male deer reproductive year is 2.2 years, the heredity progress appears 519 g in velvet antler weight and 89 g in the improvement weight per year;the cross-predominance rate is 13.04% and (18.94%) in the reproductive rate either.The new increasing net profit is 1 030 yuan (RMB) by a mature male deer among the Ⅲ generation and 790 yuan by the female as well, the total gain of the economy gets over 122.1 million yuan, the mean ratio gets on 5.63 yuan/yuan in science and technology investment per year; by the further development and application, it showed that the net profit of a mature male deer is 1 500 yuan in one year and (1 600) yuan in female as well. Better economic and social benefit were obtained by the cross breeding of Xifeng sika deer breed,especially between Shuangyang sika deer breed and Changbaishan sika deer .

关 键 词：西丰梅花鹿 品种选育 品种推广 个体表型 单公群母配种 大群闭锁繁育 茸鹿 

分 类 号：S865.42[农业科学—野生动物驯养]