黄土丘陵区金矮生苹果园土壤水分有效性及生产力分级  

Grading of Soil Moisture Availability and Its Productivity on Goldspur Apple Orchard in Loess Hilly-Gully Region

作　　者：周泽福[1] 刘致远 张光灿[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 [2]山西省吕梁山森林经营局车鸣峪林场,山西吕梁033400 [3]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2005年第1期10-15,共6页Forest Research

基　　金："十五"国家科技攻关项目(编号2001BA510B0404)

摘　　要：在半干旱黄土高原丘陵沟壑区,采用Li Cor6200便携式光合仪和Li Cor1600便携式稳态气孔计,对9年生金矮生苹果树的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和气孔限制值与土壤水分的定量关系进行了研究;以光合作用生理参数为指标对苹果园土壤水分有效性及生产力进行了分级与评价。结果表明:苹果园的土壤相对含水量在21 5%以下为"无效水";21 5%～46 5%为"低产低效水";46 5%～65 0%为"中产高效水";65 0%～75 0%为"高产中效水";75 0%～79 0%为"中产低效水";79 0%以上也属于"低产低效水"。依据干旱与半干旱地区农林业生产以提高水分利用效率为核心的土壤水分管理思想,确定金矮生苹果园适宜的土壤相对含水量为46 5%～65 0%;最佳土壤相对含水量为65 0%左右,此土壤水分可使苹果树达到获得高产高效的生产水平,称之为"高产高效水"。With Li-Cor6200 photosynthesis determination system and Li-Cor1600 steady pore-meter,the quantitative relationship between soil water content (SWC) and net photosynthesis rate,transpiration rate (T_r),water use efficiency,stomatic conductance (g_s),intercellular CO_2 concentration (C_i) and stomatal limitation (L_s) in leaves of nine-year-old goldspur apple (Malus pumila cv. Goldspur) trees were studied,in semi-arid area on Loess hilly-gully region. Based on this, the soil water availability and its productivity of test apple orchard were graded and evaluated. The results showed that the soil relative content less than 21.5% belonged to 'non-available water'; in the range of 21.5%～46.5%,'low productivity and low efficiency water';46.5%～65.0%,'middle productivity and high efficiency water';65.0%～75.0%,'high productivity and middle efficiency water';75.0%～79.0%,'middle productivity and low efficiency water';and more than 79.0%,'low productivity and low efficiency water'.According to the essential aim of agriculture and forestry production to enhance water use efficiency in arid and semi-arid regions, the regulation criterion of soil relative content of apple orchard was ascertained as suitable range 46.5%～65.0% (in the range of 'middle productivity and high efficiency water') and the optimum 65.0% that belonged to 'high productivity and high efficiency water'.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵区 金矮生苹果 土壤水分生产力 土壤水分有效性 

分 类 号：S727.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]