醇对均匀胶体粒子形成的影响  

Effects of Alcohols on the Formation of Uniform Colloidal Particles

作　　者：张玉亭[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津纺织工学院纺化系,天津300160

出　　处：《物理化学学报》1994年第1期50-53,共4页Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：均匀胶体粒子的形成理论认为,控制溶液的过饱和度,使成核过程与成长过程不能同时发生,亦即第一批核爆发生成之后,成长速率远大於成核速率,从而防止二次成核过程发生,是生成均匀胶体粒子的必要条件。故凡是能改变水解速率,即改变过饱和度的因素均能影响生成粒子的形态和均匀性,因此,欲制备均粒子,必须仔细调节影响溶液过饱和度的各种因素,如金属盐溶液浓度,陈化温度和时间以及存在於陈化液中的特定阴离子等溶剂的组成也是控制因素之一,有些文献论述了低浓度醇能加强三价铁盐和三价铁络合物的水解以及对晶体成长行为的影响。据此,Hamada和Matijevic在FeCl_3酸性溶液中加入体积含量为50%的乙醇,通过升温水解和相转变方法。Alcohols extremely affect the formation of uniform colloidal particles in the hydrolysis of ferric ions for Fe(NO_3)_3-HNO_3 system. The affecting ability of the alcohols decreases by the order: 2-propanol, ethanol, t-butylalcohol, 1-propanol and n-butanol. The uniform colloidal particles could prepare in the aging solutions containing lower concentration of Fe(NO_3)_3and higher concentration of HNO_3 in the presence of alcohols comparing with that in the absence of alcohols. The shapes and sizes of the particles formed depend not only on the concentrations of Fe(NO_3)_3 and HNO_3, but also the content of alcohols. In general, lower saturation of precipitating species favours the formation of spherical particles, and high saturation for the elliptic ones.

关 键 词：醇 水解 成核 粒子形成 胶体 

分 类 号：O648.16[理学—物理化学]