也论汉语“为”和“被”字被动式的形成机制  

On the Formation of the Passive Forms of Wei and Bei

作　　者：张延俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学中文系,210093

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2005年第1期74-80,共7页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

摘　　要：“为”字和“被”字被动式是由基本被动式① 同化而成的。它们自身的演变为基本被动式对它们的同化创造了必要的条件。其条件有三 :( 1 )宾语是一个通常用作动词的动名词 ;( 2 )主语能够理解为宾语中那个动词的受事者 ;( 3)“为”、“被”本身是单音节、词义宽泛、词性虚脱的动词。这三个条件 ,前两个使它与基本被动式发生了结构上的接近 ,后一个使它最终被基本被动式同化为有标记的被动形式。The passive forms of “Wei” and “Bei” a re formed through the accommodation of the basic passive form. Their diachronic ch anges created necessary conditions for the accommodation. The conditions are: 1 )the object is usually a gerund used as a verb; 2)the subject can be the objec t of the verb in the sentence object; 3)“Wei” and “Bei” are verbs o f single syllable with a wide range of meaning and with collapse of part of spee ch.The first and the second conditions brought the concerned two forms closer i n structure to the basic passive form.The last condition made it possible for t hem to be finally accommodated as marked passive forms.

关 键 词：动词 被动式 宾语 汉语 同化 受事 单音节 被动形式 条件 动名词 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]