元江鲤与荷包红鲤的生态类型及其杂交后代(荷元鲤)经济性状的分析  

THE ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A HYBRID FROM TWO ECOLOGICAL TYPES OF CARPS

作　　者：马仲波[1] 张兴忠[1] 仇潜如[1] 刘树华[1] 张建森[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家水产总局长江水产研究所

出　　处：《水产学报》1981年第3期187-198,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

摘　　要：以属于华南鲤Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus Lacépède的高原河流性野生种元江鲤为父本与经人工选育的地方养殖种荷包红鲤为母本进行杂交获得的F_1(荷元鲤),具有明显的杂种优势。 本文阐述了亲本元江鲤与荷包红鲤的地理亲缘关系,生态类型及主要性状,对杂种优势表现与利用有其重要意义;分析了荷元鲤杂种的体型、生长、含肉率、起捕、能育性及抗病等经济性状,尤以生长方面优于双亲及长江野鲤呈显著性差异(P<0.001);探讨杂种优势是由于亲本间遗传性差异以及不同基因相互作用的结果。Cyprins carpio yuanjian wu et al. is a local type of Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus Lacépède. Its morphological features are, head small, body spindle-shape and compressed laterally, greatly convex on dorsal surface, with dark-grey colour on the back. It lives in rivers and lakes on the plateau of subtropical region. The Red Purse Carp is a variety of the commen carp, living in the still waters of the mountainous areas in the basins of the middle and lower parts of Chang Jiang river. The external Features of the fish are head small, body short and high, with a large and fleshy belly, colour reddish orange. It is also a district variety. In 1974, the two types of carps, the Yuangjiang Carp and the Red purse Carp ♀ were artificially crossed and their F_1 hybrids display marked heterosis。 The F_1 hybrids show that the ratio of body length to body depth is from 2.35 to 2.55, higher than than of their parents. Individual hybrids can grow to an average size of about 1,000g within one year (under the condition of polyculture in a density of 30-60 individuals per mu). The growth rate of the hybrid is much higher than that of Red Purse Carp by 52.3％, that of the Yuanjiang Carp by 28.05％, and that of the wild carp in Chang Jiang river by 45.5％. It shows that the difference between the hybrids and its parents is highly significant(P<0.001); the fish flesh percentage of the yearling is 77.8％ on an average, the fat content in the muscles is 3.68％, the protein content is 18.37％. The adults of the hybrids are easy to be harvested. They also possess many other economical importances, such as high survival rate, diseases resistance and high fertility.

关 键 词：元江 杂交后代 经济性状 生态类型 野生种 母本 父本 高原 荷包红鲤 分析 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S566.1