人工饲养下白暨豚行为的观察  

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF LIPOTES IN CAPTIVITY

作　　者：林克杰[1] 刘沛霖[1] 陈佩薰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所

出　　处：《水生生物学集刊》1985年第1期51-58,i001-i002,共10页

摘　　要：在豢养条件下,白鱀豚的游泳除背向上正常姿态外,尚有侧游、仰游、滚游、跳跃、直立、浮卧和滑行多种型式。呼吸间隔时间不均匀,最短5秒,最长243秒,呼吸率为109—143次/小时。它的昼夜活动表现出明显的“激烈活动”和“平缓活动”两种状态,后者可能是一种休息方式。In captivity, the Chinese freshwater dolphin (Lipotes vexillifer) prefers swimming in circles or in the course of ' 8 ' near the tank wall. During the first twenty days in captivity, it obviously swam anticlockwise, but later on, it swam either clockwise or anticlockwise. Besides normal swimming posture, it also swims on its side and its back. Tumbling, leaping, upright standing and standing upside down, floating or gliding are often observed.The duration of breathing process itself is very short, only about one second. In general, only the melon and the blow-hole are out of water when the animal breathes and its body axis is at an oblique angle to the horizon. Sometimes, spouting begins at about half a meter under water surface, and inhaling is completed when it is gliding with its body axis almost horizontal on the surface. The breathing activity, as a rule, is of slow motion.The duration between spouts is uneven. Following two to four times of short duration (10—30 seconds), there occurs a long duration (50—100 seconds) and the action goes on alternately.The animal began to feed five days after being caught. It swims anticlockwise on its left side toward the prey, with its snout is on the left or right side of the latter. As soon as it approaches the prey it quickly snaps it and adjusts the position of the prey between its jaws so that the head of the victim is pointing backwards. When the dolphin catches a. prey, its body axis is seldom observed in straight line with the latter The behaviour of the animal in captivity shows different, pattern during the day and the night. In general, in the early morning, the evening, or before feeding, the animal is very active and changes its speed or swimming posture frequently, with short duration of breath. At mid-day and mid-night or after feeding, the animal swims slowly toward one direction with simple swimming posture. Especially at 24 to 4 o'clock, it swims extremely slowly and can be seen gliding slowly on the surface with long duration of breath.

关 键 词：人工饲养 白暨豚 行为学 游泳姿势 昼夜活动 

分 类 号：Q959.841[生物学—动物学]