玉米胚性愈伤组织的长期继代及其染色体分析  

LONG-TERM CULTURE AND CHROMOSOME VARIATIONS OF EMBRYOGENIC CALLI IN MAIZE

作　　者：向凤宁[1] 张举仁[1] 陈惠民[1] 郑晓健[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学生物系,青海师范大学生物系

出　　处：《西北植物学报》1994年第3期157-163,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

摘　　要：对５种基因型幼胚诱导的愈伤组织继代培养表明，玉米胚性愈伤组织的长期继代受基因型，培养基成分，激素，培养条件的影响。适时继代，逐代筛选对胚性保持起重要作用。适当降低培养温度（１２±２℃）有利于愈伤组织的保存和胚性保持，可以减少愈伤组织长期继代所需的物质和工作量。长期继代培养的胚性愈伤组织，胚状体发生能力和植株再生率无显著变化，但正常苗的再生频率显著下降。观察愈伤组织细胞染色体发现：（１）基因型对不同倍性细胞的比例有明显影响。（２）随着继代时间的延长，二倍体细胞下降，四倍体和非二倍体细胞增多。（３）愈伤组织中出现多种染色体结构变异，这些结构变异有可能导致非整倍体细胞的形成。Long-term embryogenic calli cultures from immature embryos of 5 genotypes of maize wereestablished. The major factors affecting the embryogenesis in long-term cultures included geno-type ,medium composition ,phytohormone and culture conditions.It was important to transfer the calli in due time and select their proper portions at each subctilmre for the maintenance of em-bryogenic potential. Lower culture temperature(12±2℃ ) was beneficial to perserve the calliwithout any remarkable infltience on the capacity for embryogenesis. It also saved mtich labour inthe long course of culttire,because the frequency of subculture could be greatly reduced.But un-like the embryogenic potential,the percentage of seedlings with normal morphology decreased during the long-term culture. Variations in number and structure of chromosomes in embryo-genic calli were examined. It was found that:1.the variations were closely related to the geno-types,2. the number of diploid cells decreased,but tetraploid and aneuploid ones increased.3.Chromosome structural variations oceured as the subculture proceeded,which might lead to theformation of aneuploids.

关 键 词：玉米 胚 愈伤组织 继代培养 染色体 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]