滇东北退耕还草中牧草种子生产及其产量分析  

Analyse on Forage Seeds Production and Grass Yield in Returning Farmland to Pastures in Northeast Yunnan

作　　者：车伟光[1] 毕玉芬[1] 陈功[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学,昆明650201

出　　处：《种子》2005年第3期14-17,共4页Seed

基　　金：云南省"十五"科技攻关项目(2001NG55);云南省重点基金项目"2003C0008Z"资助

摘　　要：2001至2003年在滇东北金沙江流域干热河谷高海拔山区,即云南昭通地区彝良县海拔2 000 m的半山区进行了植被恢复和退耕还草试验示范.试验选择了15个草种,共19个品种进行单播.对种子产量和牧草产量进行了测定和分析.结果表明:在彝良高海拔山区适宜种植的一年生牧草有高丹草和箭舌豌豆,其鲜草产量均较高.在短年生和多年生牧草中,多花黑麦草(旺饲)鲜草产草量最高,第二年鲜草产量达170 895.84 kg/hm2;多年生黑麦草和红三叶鲜草产量相近,在155 000 kg/hm2左右;鲜草产量由高到低依次为多花黑麦草(旺饲)>多年生黑麦草>红三叶(多丽)>鸭茅(牧友)>高羊茅>紫花苜蓿(WL-612)>紫花苜蓿(普拉多)>白三叶>猫尾草.这些牧草均可以用于金沙江干热河谷海拔2 000 m的山区植被恢复和草地建设.本研究中筛选出适宜金沙江干热河谷海拔2 000 m的山区进行牧草种子生产的草种,分别为:多花黑麦草(旺饲)(1 430.00 kg/hm2)、紫羊茅(760.00 kg/hm2)和苇状羊茅(733.00 kg/hm2).多年生黑麦草、红三叶、鸭茅、白三叶等牧草种子产量可达400～500 kg/hm2.During the years of 2001 to 2003,the experiments and demonstration plots which was 2000m above sea level for vegetation recovery and Returning Farmland to Pastures were conducted on the Yiliang county (Zhaotong distict) in Northeast Yunnan province. 15 grass-species or 19 varieties were used in the experiment and sowed in the strips in single plot respectively. The yields of seeds and forage were measured and analysed. The results showed that the suitable Grasses and Legume for Vegetation Recovery and Returning Farmland to Pastures were as follows:(1) annual species were Sorghum sudanens x Sorghum vulgare (biaobing and hainiu varieties) and Vicia sativa which showed the higher forage output; (2)8 species or 9 varieties were selected in short and perennial species. Lolium multiflouum (Wangsi) had the highest forage output with 170895.84 kg/hm2. Lolium perenne(Mada) and Trifolium pratense(Dory) were about 15000 kg/hm2.Forage output was linked in the following order: Lolium multiflouum(Wangsi)>Loliumperenne(Mada)>Trifolium pratense(Dory)>Dactylis glomerata(muyou)>Festuca arundinacea(Fine Lawn)>Medicago sariva(WL-612)>Medicago sariva(puladuo)>Trifolium repens(Haifa)>Phleum partense(Bart). The results indicated that 7 species could be used for propagating seeds. The highest seed yield was 1430.00 kg/hm2 of LoIium multiflouum(Wangsi).The next was Festuca rabra with 760.00 kg/hm2. The third was Festuca arundinacea(Fawn) with 733.00 kg/hm2. The seeds yields of Lolium perenne (Mada),Trifolium pratense(Dory),Dactylis glomerata (muyou)and Trifolium repens(Haifa) were about 400～500 kg/hm2.

关 键 词：鲜草产量 牧草种子 红三叶 多花黑麦草 多年生黑麦草 高海拔山区 鸭茅 滇东北 退耕还草 生产 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学] S543