青海大通退耕还林工程区的林木耗水特性  

Water consumption of forests in project area of returning farmland to forests in Datong county, Qinhai province

作　　者：常国梁[1] 赵万启 贺康宁[1] 史长青[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]青海省大通县林业旅游局,青海大通810100

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2005年第1期58-65,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金："十五"国家攻关课题项目"黄河上游 (大通 )水土保持型植被建设技术研究与示范"(2 0 0 1BA5 10B0 10 2 ) ;教育部科学技术研究项目"北方退耕还林区水土保持植被恢复与重建技术研究"(重大 10 4 0 7)

摘　　要：为了给退耕还林工程建设的树种选择提供依据 ,2 0 0 2— 2 0 0 3年 ,通过实地观测并应用Penman Monteith方程和定位通量法 ,对青海大通黄土高寒区自 2 0世纪 80年代陆续退耕还林后营造的青海云杉、紫果云杉、华北落叶松、白桦、青杨和沙棘进行了林木耗水特性研究。结果表明 :2种方法测算林地蒸散的月平均相对误差是 5 7%。中龄林的青杨沙棘混交林、白桦纯林、青杨灌木混交林和白桦青海云杉沙棘混交林的生长季蒸散总量为 4 88～ 5 38mm ,其中蒸腾量占蒸散总量的 74 %～ 79% ,林地土面蒸发总量占蒸散总量的 10 %～ 12 % ,林地无地表径流产生 ;处于幼龄生长阶段的紫果云杉、青杨、华北落叶松、青海云杉混交林生长季蒸散总量为 4 5 0～ 5 10mm ,其中蒸腾总量占蒸散总量的 4 5 %～ 6 9% ,林地土面蒸发总量占蒸散总量的 16 %～ 4 4 % ,地表径流量占林地降水量的 1%～ 6 %。大部分林分 6— 8月的蒸腾耗水量占全年的 80 %。In order to provide proof for tree species selection in returning farmland to forest project, based on Penman-Monteith equation and oriented flux method, the paper has studied the seasonal changes of water consumption of forests in 2002 and 2003.The studied tree species are Picea crassifolia, Picea purpurea, Larix principis-rupprechtii, Betula platyphylla, Populus cathayana, Hippophae rhamnoides, which were planted for returning farmland into forests since early 1980s. It was concluded that: The month avenge relative error of two calculating stands evapotranspiration methods is 5.7%. The total evapotranspiration of middle stand of mixed forests composed of Populus cathayana with Hippophae rhamnoides,pure forest of Betula platyphylla, mixed forest of Populus cathayana with shrubs, mixed forest of Betula platyphylla with Picea crassifolia and Hippophae rhamnoides is 488～538*!mm, the total evaporation accounting for 74%～79% of total evapotranspiration, the total evaporation is 10%～12% of that and no surface runoff. However, the avenge total evapotranspiration of young aged stands of pure forest of Picea purpurea, Populus cathayana, Larix principis-rupprechtii, mixed forests composed of Picea crassifolia is 450～510*!mm, the total evaporation accounting for 45%～69% of total evapotranspiration, the total evaporation is 16%～44% of that and a surface runoff is 1%～6% of precipitation. The transpiration of the most stands in the period from June to August accounts for 80% of that in total year.

关 键 词：蒸散 青杨 青海云杉 耗水特性 林地 混交林 白桦 总量 退耕还林工程 测算 

分 类 号：S791[农业科学—林木遗传育种] F326[农业科学—林学]