几种肥料根际施用对盐胁迫下苹果矿质营养平衡的影响  

The Effect of the Several Fertilizers Applied to Root on Mineral Nutrient Balance of Apple Tree under NaCl Stress

作　　者：夏阳[1] 梁慧敏[1] 束怀瑞[2] 王太明[1] 刘德玺[1] 柴传华[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省林业科学研究院,济南250014 [2]山东农业大学园艺学院,泰安271018

出　　处：《园艺学报》2005年第1期6-10,共5页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(Y2000D10);山东农业大学博士后基金资助项目;国家科技攻关计划重大专项专题项目(2002BA516A15-04)

摘　　要：以盆栽2年生富士苹果树(砧木为平邑甜茶)为试材,研究了盐胁迫下几种肥料(鸡粪、牛 粪、复合肥)对树体各器官矿质营养平衡的影响。结果表明:与对照(不施肥)相比,盐胁迫下施用复合肥 可以明显减少植株Na含量,鸡粪次之,牛粪无效应。盐胁迫与无盐胁迫相比苹果树各部位Na相对增长量的 顺序是:主干韧皮部、新梢>主干木质部>根,说明Na主要积累在植株地上部。盐胁迫下复合肥提高植株 各部位N、K、Fe和Zn含量;鸡粪提高N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe和Zn含量;牛粪没有明显作用。复合肥盐胁 迫下维持N、P、K、Fe、Zn与Na平衡的作用明显,鸡粪维持P、K、Ca、Fe与Na平衡的作用较为明显,对 维持N、Mg和Zn也有一定作用,牛粪在维持元素平衡上没有明显作用,说明施用复合肥和鸡粪有利于维持 苹果盐胁迫下树体营养的平衡。盐胁迫影响元素/Na比值最明显的植物部位是新梢、其次为根和主干韧皮部, 对主干木质部影响最小,说明盐胁迫对生命活动旺盛部位的矿质营养平衡影响最大。The effect of different fertilizers(chicken dung, cattle dung, compound fertilizer)applied to root on mineral nutrient balance in different plant part of two-year-old potted apple tree (Fuji on Malus hupehensis Reld stock) under NaCl stress was studied and the results were following: compared with control (no fertilizer), compound fertilizer treatment decreased the Na contents in different parts of apple tree under NaCl stress, chicken dung take the second place and cattle dung had no effect. The order of relative increase of Na in different parts of apple tree under NaCl stress compared with no NaCl was phloem of trunk,vegetative shoot > xylem of trunk > root, it showed that Na was mainly accumulated in upper parts of apple tree. Under NaCl stress compound fertilizer treatments increased the contents of N, K, Fe and Zn in different parts of apple tree, chicken dung increased N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn, and cattle dung had no significant effect. Compound fertilizer had the obvious role for maintaining the balance under NaCl stress of N, P, K, Fe and Zn to Na, chicken dung had the relatively obvious role for P, K, Ca and Fe, and a certain role for N, Mg and Zn, cattle dung had no role to all elements. This showed that compound fertilizer and chicken dung were propitious to maintain the nutrition balance of apple tree under NaCl stress. The best obvious change part of element/Na rate under NaCl stress was vegetative shoot, the second was root and phloem of trunk, and the last was xylem. This showed that the nutrition balance of prosperous life activity parts of apple tree was influenced by NaCl stress largely.

关 键 词：苹果 肥料 盐胁迫 矿质营养 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]