汽油与甲醇燃烧汽车尾气遗传毒性的对比研究  

Comparative Study on the Genotoxicity of Gasoline-fueled Vehicle Exhaust and Methanol-fueled Vehicle Exhaust

作　　者：张遵真[1] 张勤[1] 梁英[1] 李昌全[2] 赖昌槌[2] 黄武斌[2] 吴德生[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院环境卫生学教研室,成都610041 [2]中国石油西南油气田分公司川西北气矿

出　　处：《四川大学学报（医学版）》2005年第2期249-252,共4页Journal of Sichuan University(Medical Sciences)

摘　　要：目的　比较汽油燃烧汽车尾气 (简称汽油尾气 )和甲醇燃烧汽车尾气 (简称甲醇尾气 )的遗传毒性。方法　采用 MTT法测试受试物对 A5 4 9细胞的毒性作用 ,选择无明显细胞毒性的浓度作为受试物的最高浓度 ,用A5 4 9细胞体外微核试验和单细胞凝胶电泳试验 (彗星试验 )对汽油尾气和甲醇尾气的遗传毒性进行比较研究。结果　受试物与靶细胞作用 2 h或 2 4 h,均以汽油尾气对 A5 4 9细胞的毒性大于甲醇尾气。汽油尾气终浓度为 0 .0 2 5L/ ml时即可诱导 A5 4 9细胞微核增加 ,并呈现良好的剂量效应关系 ,而甲醇尾气在试验浓度下均不具有诱导 A5 4 9细胞微核增加的作用。在单细胞凝胶电泳试验中 ,汽油尾气具有诱导 A5 4 9细胞 DNA损伤的作用 ,其拖尾率和DNA迁移长度均随浓度的增加而增加 ,而甲醇尾气不具有诱导 A5 4 9细胞 DNA损伤的作用。结论　汽油尾气可以诱导染色体和 DNA损伤 ,具有明显的遗传毒性 ,而甲醇尾气在两个试验中均未检测出潜在的遗传毒性。Objective Comparing the genotoxicity of gasoline-fueled vehicle exhaust (gasoline exhaust for short) with that of methanol-fueled vehicle exhaust (methanol exhaust for short) so as to provide a scientific basis for replacement of gasoline by methanol as fuel in vehicle. Methods The MTT method was used first to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the two kinds of vehicle exhausts, and the concentration that had no obvious cytotoxicity would be used as the highest dose in the experiments. The A549 cells micronucleus test and single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE) assay (comet assay) in vitro were applied to compare the genotoxicity of gasoline exhaust and methanol exhaust. Results The MTT results showed that the gasoline-fueled vehicle exhaust exerted stronger cytotoxicity to A549 cells in both 2 h and 24 h exposure times, compared with the methanol exhaust. In A549 cells micronucleus test in vitro, at doses 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 L/ml, the micronucleated cell (MNC) rates were 2.65%, 4.35%, 4.95% and 5.85% respectively, which were higher than those(1.30% and 1.35%) of controls(P<0.01). For the methanol-fueled vehicle exhaust, there was no significant difference in the rate of A549 cells micronucleus between the test groups and control group. In the comet assay, gasoline-fueled vehicle exhaust could induce A549 cells DNA damage. The rate of caudate cell and the length of DNA migration increased with the escalation of dosing level. However, the methanol-fueled vehicle exhaust did not show any DNA damage to A549 cells. Conclusion The results demanstrate that gasoline-fueled vehicle exhaust can induce DNA and chromosome damage, it has a distinct genotoxicity, whereas the methanol-fueled vehicle exhaust does not show any potential genotoxicity in both tests.

关 键 词：汽车尾气 微核试验 单细胞凝胶电泳试验 遗传毒性 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学]