黄土丘陵区主要林分生物量及营养元素生物循环特征  

The bio-cycle patterns of nutrient elements and stand biomass in forest communities in Hilly Loess Regions

作　　者：张希彪[1] 上官周平[2] 

机构地区：[1]陇东学院生命科学系,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]中国科学院水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第3期527-537,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2002CB111502)~~

摘　　要：以黄土丘陵区子午岭为研究区域 ,用标准木法和收获法对暖温带森林优势群落辽东栎林、油松林及刺槐人工林的生物量、营养元素生物循环量及循环特征进行了研究。结果表明 :黄土丘陵区子午岭油松林、辽东栎林和刺槐人工林 3林分总生物量为 :86 .2 4 7、12 9.0 0 5 t/ hm2和 14 4 .795 t/ hm2 ,乔木层生物量分别为 :85 .2 2 3、12 6 .989t/ hm2和 14 2 .4 88t/ hm2 ,随群落针阔树种转化替代 ,群落总生物量呈现明显的增加趋势。年均生长量为 3.2 75～ 5 .6 99t/ hm2。生物量和年生长量排序为刺槐人工林 >辽东栎林 >油松林。 3林分林下植被层生物量、凋落物贮量表现为刺槐林 >辽东栎林 >油松林 ,林下植被层生物量的差异主要是由林分郁闭度和林下凋落物的不同引起的 ;刺槐林和辽东栎林林下植被层发达的根系和较高的凋落物量有利于提高土壤肥力、保持水土。同化器官的各种元素含量高于其它器官 ,茎中营养元素的含量最低。乔木层营养元素积累量分别为 :0 .74 5、1.378t/ hm2和 1.80 5 t/ hm2 。不同林分不同营养元素的积累量差别较大。因采伐而引起的 3林分林地养分流失量分别达 6 5 .4 5 %、5 3.76 %和 2 5 .1%。 3林分林下植被层和凋落物层的营养元素积累量排序为 :刺槐林 >辽东栎林 >油松林。By means of the standard-timber harvesting methods, the bicycled quantities and bio-cycle patterns of nutrient elements and the stand biomass in Quercus liaotungensis forest, Pinus tabulaeformis forest and artifical Robinia pseudoacacia forest, the dominant communities in warm temperate zones were studied with Ziwulin Mountain lying in Hilly Loess Regions as the research area. The results show that the total biomass, was 86.247 t/hm^2 in Pinus tabulaeformis forest, 129.005 t/hm^2 in Quercus liaotungensis forest and 144.795 t/hm^2 in Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and the arbor layer biomasses were 86.247, 129.005 and 144.795 t/hm^2 in the three forests, respectively; it appears that the total biomasses significantly increased as the forest communities transit from conifer species to broadleaf species. The mean annual growths ranged between 3.275 and 5.699 t/hm^2, and biomasses and annual growths stood in the order of artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest>Quercus liaotungensis forest>Pinus tabulaeformis forest under the three stands, the vegetation biomasses and the litter amounts stood in the order of Robinia pseudoacacia forest> Quercus liaotungensis forest> Pinus tabulaeformis forest, which mainly resulted from the differences in stand closure and accumulative litters under forests; well-developed roots and abundant accumulative litters in the vegetation layers under Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus liaotungensis forests were conducive to improving soil fertility and conserving soil and water. The contents of nutrient elements in assimilating organs were higher than those in other organs, and the contents of nutrient elements in stems was were the lowest ones. The accumulative amounts of nutrient elements in the arbor layers of the three forests were 0.745, 1.378 and 1.805 t/hm^2. The accumulative amounts of nutrient elements differ very much among different forest stands The nutrient losses resulting from felling in the three forests were 65.45%, 53.76% and 25.1%, respectively. The accumulative amounts of the

关 键 词：黄土丘陵区 林分 生物量 营养元素 生物循环 

分 类 号：S792.14[农业科学—林木遗传育种]