重金属污染生态学研究现状与展望  

Ecology for heavy metal pollution: recent advances and future prospects

作　　者：王宏镔[1] 束文圣[1] 蓝崇钰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第3期596-605,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 0 170 178;3 0 10 0 0 2 4);国家"863"资助项目 (2 0 0 1AA64 5 0 10 -3 ) ;高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目 (2 0 0 2 0 5 5 80 44 )~~

摘　　要：重金属污染生态学的研究迄今已有近 5 0 a的历史 ,在土壤重金属元素背景值和环境标准的制定、重金属在环境中的迁移转化、重金属污染治理、元素分析测定方法和规范、对生物体的毒性及生物体的响应等方面取得了很多研究成果 ,出版了很多专著。在对重金属污染生态学研究进行简要回顾的基础上 ,以重金属在生物体内的行为特征 (吸收、迁移、富集、毒害、解毒和抗性等 )为主线 ,从微观和宏观水平 ,系统综述了目前该领域的研究现状 ,分析了尚存在的一些问题 ,最后从生物对重金属污染适应的分子机理、治理方法和技术的创新性。Studies of the ecology for heavy metal pollution have significantly advanced since the 1950s. Heavy metals, as one of important pollutants in the environment, are widely researched in the field of pollution ecology or ecology for environmental protection, which is more popularly used abroad. Many achievements have provided improved knowledge of metal mobility in ecological systems and in the context of environmental protection. We now have improved understanding of background soil concentrations, protocols, guidelines, monitoring and toxicity that have led to research and demonstration projects concerned with remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites. At the same time, many works related to this research field have also been widely published. In China, there is a focus for this research effort at many universities and research institutes, including the Department of Biology at Yunnan University (Kunming), the Institute of Environmental Science at Beijing Normal University (Beijing), the institute of Applied Ecology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shenyang), the institute of Soil Science at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing), the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing) and so on.This paper briefly reviews progress and current research on modeling of heavy metal mobility in soils and biota, from the molecular level to the ecosystem scale. Emphasis is given to recent advances that have improved knowledge of absorption, migration, accumulation, toxicity, detoxification and biological resistance. The future research effort is likely to focus on rhizosphere ecology, molecular ecology and evolutionary genetics under heavy metal pollution.Although many accomplishments have been achieved, many issues still remain unanswered such as the adaptive mechanisms at the molecular level, heavy metal speciation and bioavailability, the complication of combined-pollutants and the remediation technologies. Therefore, the authors also detect these issues existed and fo

关 键 词：重金属污染生态学 生物行为特征 分子机理 治理方法 复合污染 生物进化 

分 类 号：X50[环境科学与工程—环境工程]