基于管理目标的黄河三角洲湿地生态需水量  

Management-oriented ecological water requirement for wetlands in the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：崔保山[1] 李英华[1] 杨志峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院

出　　处：《生态学报》2005年第3期606-614,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (4 0 10 10 2 6);国家自然科学基金重点资助项目 (5 0 2 3 90 20)~~

摘　　要：独特的地理位置和气候特征 ,使黄河三角洲湿地自然保护区孕育了丰富的自然资源和生物多样性。然而近些年来由于黄河上、中游开发不断 ,砍伐、引水工程等引发了下游特别是河口三角洲一系列的生态问题。表现在水资源紧缺、水体污染以及生物多样性减少等。根据黄河三角洲湿地自然保护区的现实问题以及 Ram sar公约要求 ,确定了黄河三角洲湿地自然保护区管理目标即保护新生湿地和鸟类资源 ,栖息地恢复与保护 ,生态系统功能与过程的维持等 3个层次的目标。通过分析湿地生物和水量的相关性 ,计算了不同层次管理目标的黄河三角洲湿地生态需水量 ,即在不考虑输沙用水的情况下 ,黄河三角洲湿地最小生态需水量、适宜需水量和理想需水量分别为 4 0 .95× 10 8m3、5 2 .4 5× 10 8m3和 6 7.93× 10 8m3;在考虑输沙用水的情况下 ,湿地最小生态需水量、适宜需水量和理想需水量分别为 190 .95× 10 8m3、2 0 2 .4 5× 10 8m3和 2 17.93× 10 8m3。On the basis of theories and computation methods for ecological water requirement, the definition of the ecological water requirement for wetlands, the water needed by the wetland to maintain the ecosystem's diversity and the ecological characters, is proposed in this paper. It includes the water required by the wetland soil, the vegetation evapotranspiration, the fish breeding, the habitat, and the sediment transportation. Due to the unique geographical location and climatic characters, there are various natural resources and complex biodiversity in the Yellow River Delta. During the recent years, however, the local ecological environment has being threatened by human activities. This seriously affected the sustainable development of local economy because it resulted in serious shortage of water resources, water pollution and abatement of biodiversity. On the basis of practice in the natural reserve and the important claim of Ramsar for “wise use” of wetland in which ecological characters need to be reserved, a set of management objectives for the wetland reserve of the Yellow River Delta is proposed. The objectives include protecting the ecological system and the waterfowl resources in the new wetland, renewing biodiversity and maintaining the function of the ecological system. In this paper, the ecological water requirement for wetlands in the Yellow River Delta is classified into three classes, i.e., the minimum water requirement, the moderate water requirement, and the perfect water requirement. They correspond to the basic, moderate and perfect management goal for wetland nature reserve, respectively. By means of a correlation analysis between the wetland biology and water and an equation for computing water requirement, matching the different levels of management objectives, the ecological water requirements for the wetland natural reserve of the Yellow River Delta is estimated, and several means to fulfill the water requirements is proposed. The result shows that the minimum, moderate and perfect wate

关 键 词：黄河三角洲 湿地 自然保护区 生态需水量 管理目标 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]