高效低耗复合钎具的研究和应用  

The Research and Use of High Drilling Speed and Low Consumption Insert and Button Complex-type Rock Drilling Tools in China

作　　者：张国榉[1] 周晔[1] 张汉斌[1] 徐再松[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学掘进工程研究所,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《凿岩机械气动工具》2005年第1期14-23,共10页Rock Drilling Machinery & Pneumatic Tools

摘　　要：1923年德国人发明WC-Co硬质合金[1],首先用于机械切削加工,被称为“工业的牙齿”。二战以来,片状(一字、三刃、十字、X型)和球齿系列硬质合金钎具,相继于1938、1968年前后问世,以其寿命长、钻速快的巨大优势,迅速取代了传统的钢钎凿岩,被誉为“采掘工业的牙齿”。凿岩实践中逐渐发现:现有片状和球齿钎具,都存在各自的一些弱点。例如,片状钎头直径受限(≤准89mm),修磨频繁;球齿钎头抗径向磨损能力低,边齿工作条件恶劣,不适用于极坚韧矿岩,且硬质合金浪费严重。近几年来,具有片状和球齿钎具综合优点的新一代复合钎头(中国专利号:96203054.6、98242026.9)和复合整钎(中国专利号:96203053.8),已在中国地质大学(武汉)研制成功,并开始批量投入市场使用。该系列钎具,其钻速、寿命和硬质合金片齿有效利用率,均显著优于目前国内外普遍使用的片状和球齿钎具。Sintered carbide (WC-Co)was invented by Germany in 1923, which was used in machinery cutting at first. After World War Ⅱ,as a new-high science and technology industry, tapered and thread insert bits(chisel bits, 3-point bits, cross bits, X-type bits) and button bits, insert-type and button-type integral drill steels replaced traditional integral drill steels without sintered carbide rapidly. And it is only 30 years since button-type rock drilling tools rose up. But there are some shortages for both insert-type and button-type rock drilling tools, which constrain them give play to their supremacy. For example, the ability of the button bits to resist the radial wear and tear is low and the side buttons of the bit could be broken easily. They can not be used in extremely tough rocks. And the utilization ratio of sintered carbide is very low. The insert bits need repairing repeatedly and the diameter of insert bits is limited (≤89 mm). A new generation of insert and button complex bits (Chinese patent No. 96203054.6,98242026.9) and integral drill steels (Chinese patent No.96203053.8) now has been invented by the China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and producted in batch process recently. The new type rock drilling tools overcome the traditional disadvantages of common products. The drilling speed, the service life and the utilization ratio of sintered carbide of the insert and button complex-type rock drilling tools are all over the conventional rock drilling tools. The appearance of this series maybe initiates a renewal around the world.

关 键 词：凿岩钎具 片状钎头 片状整钎 球齿钎头 球齿整钎 复合钎头 复合整钎 

分 类 号：TD421.25[矿业工程—矿山机电]