新疆及其毗邻地区荒漠昆虫区系的形成与演变  

Formation and Evolution of Desert Insects in Xinjiang and Its Adjacent Regions

作　　者：黄人鑫 [1] HU Hong-ying  吴卫 [2] 范兆田 [1] 索菲娅 [1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐,830046 [2]新疆大学理化测试中心,乌鲁木齐,830046

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2005年第1期38-44,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中国科学院资助项目

摘　　要：荒漠昆虫区系的形成与演变是昆虫学研究的中心议题之一,在对新疆现代荒漠昆虫区系研究的基础上,结合自侏罗-白垩纪以来新疆及其毗邻地区出现的地质事件、气候变迁、植被演替等研究资料分析表明,荒漠昆虫的祖先主要是中生型昆虫.我国塔里木盆地、东疆诸盆地、贺兰山以西及蒙古等地,被称为中央亚细亚的地区,荒漠昆虫的起源是在侏罗纪和白垩纪的交替时期,其区系形成是在白垩纪末至早第三纪的古新世;而准噶尔盆地、中亚细亚东部地区等的被称为中亚细亚的地区,荒漠昆虫的起源较中央亚细亚为晚,是在白垩纪,区系形成是在早第三纪的始新世.土著种的特化是区系形成的基本途径,物种的迁移也具有重要作用,但主要为由东到西的迁移.早第三纪末期开始的喜马拉雅造山运动使环境走向极度干旱荒漠化,带来了古荒漠昆虫区系的解体和现代荒漠昆虫区系的形成;随着喜马拉雅山的隆起和古地中海的干涸,物种的迁移逐渐变为由西向东.第四纪大冰川活动促使中亚细亚成为强大的物种形成中心,从而给新疆荒漠昆虫区系带来重大影响,致使中亚细亚成分常常占到40%以上.One of the focus topics in entomologic research is the formation and evolution of insect fauna.Basedon the studies on modern desert insect fauna in Xinjiang and combined with the study materials of geologicalevents, climate changes and vegetation succession in Xinjiang and its adjacent regions since the Cretaceous Period,the study result shows that the major ancestor of desert insects is mesophytic insect, and its originated places arethe coast along the Tethys Ocean and the inland. Those areas include the Tarim Basin, the basins in east Xinjiang,the regions west from the Helan Mountains in China and Mongolia, i.e., Central Asia. It is estimated that thedesert insects originated during the alternant period of Jurassic Period and Cretaceous Period, and the formation ofthe insect fauna began from the late Cretaceous Period to Paleocene Epoch of the early Tertiary Period in theJunggar Basin and the east regions of Central Asia. In these regions the desert insects originated later, i.e., inCretaceous Period, and the insect fauna formed in Eocene Epoch of the early Tertiary Period. The basic route ofthe fauna’s formation was the specialization of the endemic species; meanwhile, the migration of insect species,especially from east to west, played an important role.The orogeny of Himalayas Mountains beginning from lateTertiary Period made the environment become extremely arid and resulted in desertification, it brought about thedisaggregation of the paleo-desert insect fauna and the formation of the modern desert insect fauna; as the westCentral Asia became continent, the insect species migrated gradually from west to east. The great glacialmovement in Quaternary Period promoted the formation of species center in Central Asia, which brought aboutthe vital effect on the desert insect fauna in Xinjiang, consequently, thus the insect species from Central Asiaoccupy above 40%.

关 键 词：白垩纪 早第三纪 荒漠 毗邻地区 形成 第四纪 造山运动 昆虫区系 物种 古新世 

分 类 号：Q968.2[生物学—昆虫学]