上海稻田杂草群落变化趋势及其因子分析  

The Community Succession of Rice Field Weeds inShanghai Area and Factor Analysis

作　　者：陆峥嵘[1,2] 沈健英[1] 陆贻通[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院 [2]上海市农业技术推广服务中心,上海201103

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2005年第1期82-86,共5页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会项目 (编号 0 2 3 112 0 5 5 )

摘　　要：对上海不同地区水稻田杂草种类、群落结构以及危害程度调查表明 ,上海水稻田主要杂草有 2 2种 ,属于 11个科 ,其中危害严重的主要有稗草 (Echinochloacrusgalli)、千金子 (Leptochloachinensis)、鸭舌草(Monochoriavaginalis)、矮慈姑 (Sagittaria pygmaea)、空心莲子草 (Alternanthera philoxeroides)、水苋菜(Ammanniabaccifera)、醴肠 (Ecliptaprostrata)、水莎草 (Juncellusserotinus)以及异型莎草 (Cyperusdifformis)等。经与 1980年资料比较和模拟试验结果表明 ,化学除草剂的使用以及耕作制度的变化对杂草的群落演替起着主要作用。一年生杂草如稗草、异型莎草等为主的群落在经历自上世纪 80年代以来的演变 ,正趋于以多年生恶性杂草 (如空心莲子草、矮慈姑等 )为主群落的方向变化。The investigation of the weed species, community structure and weed-caused damage to rice in Shanghai area showed that the main rice field weeds had 22 species under 11 families, and among them the main harmful weeds were Alternanthera philoxeroides, Sagittaria pygmea, Juncellus serotinus, Cyperus difformis, Eclipta prostrata, Ammannia baccifera, Echinochloa crusgalli, Leptochloa chinensis, Monochoria vaginalis and so on. The comparison between the investigation result and the data of 1982 and the model tests showed that the application of herbicides and the change of farming system played a leading role in the weed community succession in Shanghai area. Since 1980s the communities with eradicable annual weeds (such as Echinochloa crusgalli and Cyperus difformis) being predominant have been changing into perennial weed-dominated communities (such as Alternanthera philoxeroides and Sagittaria pygmaea).

关 键 词：异型莎草 水稻田杂草 群落 稗草 空心莲子草 矮慈姑 多年生 上海 因子分析 变化趋势 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护] S511