滇池流域农田土壤氮磷流失影响因素探析  

Factors influencing the N and P loss from farmland runoff in Dianchi watershed.

作　　者：段永惠[1] 张乃明[2] 洪波[2] 陈建军[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学环境经济系,太原030006 [2]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2005年第2期116-118,共3页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：云南省应用基础研究基金项目 (1999C0 0 11G)资助

摘　　要：对滇池流域沿湖15个乡镇农田地表径流N、P流失状况及其影响因素研究结果表明,该区农田地表径流N、P污染负荷很高,年均流失量差异较大,总N为5 .0 7～113.16kg/ hm2 ,总P为0 .15～10 .14kg/ hm2 。高强度施用化肥是造成农田径流N、P流失量大的主要原因,同时也与土地利用和水肥管理方式及种植制度有关;不同坡度农田径流N、P输出量不同,6°～12°坡度N、P流失急剧增大,12°坡度以后流失量增加减缓;1次降雨或作物生长周期内径流N、P流失速率均表现出随时间参数递减的趋势;不同施肥处理N、P流失量存在一定差异,其中尿素与普钙配施可减少N、P流失。The present status and influential factors of N and P loss from farmland runoff were studied in 15 villages and towns around Dianchi Lake.The results show that the pollutional loads of N and P in farmland runoff in the investigated areas are very high.The mean annual discharges of N and P are different greatly,the total N is 5.07～113.16kg/hm 2 and the total P is 0.15～10.14kg/hm 2.Excessive application of fertilizer is the primary reason of large N and P loss,which is also related to the land use pattern,water and soil management,and farming system.The discharges of N and P vary with slopness,increase rapidly with the slopness from 6° to 12°and increase slowly with the slopness above 12°.In a rainfall or in a crop growing period,the concentrations of N and P in the runoff submit to a downtrend following the temporal process.The discharges of N and P vary with different fertilizer applications and urea and superphosphate application can reduce the N and P loss and heighten the cabbage yield.

关 键 词：流失量 农田土壤 施肥处理 磷流失 施用 配施 水肥管理 增加 土地利用 减缓 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] F323.8[农业科学—农业基础科学]