抗虫杂交棉的光合及经济性状的优势及配合力研究  

Study on Heterosis and Combining Ability of Photosynthetic Characters and Economic Traits in Insectresistance Hybrid Cotton

作　　者：聂以春[1] 张献龙[1] 杨细燕[1] 郭小平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2005年第1期5-9,共5页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"八六三"项目(2001AA241091);"十五"攻关项目资助

摘　　要：　选用 3个美国抗虫棉品种和 4个国产抗虫棉品种 (系),采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计配制 12个组合,对其不同发育时期 3个光合性状、产量及其构成因素优势表现,配合力效应及主要性状之间的相关性进行分析,结果表明:开花盛期(15 /07)、结铃期(15 /08)和吐絮始期 (15 /09)的光合速率的群体正向平均优势显著, 15 /07和15 /09蒸腾速率分别具有显著的正向和负向的群体平均优势,不同时期测定的光合性状群体超亲优势以负向为主。F1 和F2 籽、皮棉产量的群体平均和超亲优势达显著和极显著水平,产量的提高主要是单株铃数的增加,其次是单铃重。不同亲本之间 3个光合性状的GCA效应值差异明显, 3个母本以正向效应为主,而 4个父本多以负向效应为主,各组合的SCA效应值的大小因组合不同差异很大。15 /07测定的光合速率与产量及其构成因素具有较好的正相关, 15 /09的光合速率与 5个纤维品质性具有一定的正相关,而 15 /09的蒸腾速率与 4个纤维品质性状有一定的负相关,部分性状之间相关性达到显著水平。Hetersis,combining ability and correlation of photosynthetic characters, yield components, fiber quality were analysed by way of NCⅡcross design with 3 transgenic Bt cotton varieties as males from US and 4 transgenic Bt cotton varieties as females from China. The results showed that heterosis over midparent value based on population means of photosynthetic rate in different stages were significant at 0.05 or 0.10 level. Heterosis positively and negatively midparent value based on population means of transpiration rate on 15/07 (d/m) and 15/9 were significant at 0.05 level. Heterosis negatively betterparent value based on population means of photosynthetic characters were majority. Hereosis over midparent and better parent value for yield of F 1 and F 2 were significant at 0.01 or 0.05 level, and yield increase of hybrids was mainly depended on increasing boll numbers of plant, then boll weight. General combining ability positive effects of photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate in different stages were majority in three males, and negative effects were majority in four females. Special combining ability positive effects of photosynthetic characters were distinctly different among different crosses. Photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate determined on 15/07 were significant positively correlated with lint yield and yield components; photosynthetic rate on 15/07 was positively correlated with five fiber characters;transpiration rate on 15/09 was negatively correlated with four fiber characters, and some traits were obvious for parents .

关 键 词：抗虫棉 杂种优势 配合力 相关 

分 类 号：S562.032[农业科学—作物学]