葡萄枝条堆肥化过程中的生物化学变化和物质转化特征  

Biochemical changes and characteristics of organic matter transformation during composting process of vineyard prunings

作　　者：王引权[1] Frank Schuchardt 张仁陟[3] 盛芬玲[4] 曹孜义[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [2]德国联邦农业研究中心,fal不伦瑞克38116 [3]甘肃农业大学资源环境学院,兰州730070 [4]兰州大学分析测试中心,兰州730000

出　　处：《果树学报》2005年第2期115-120,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中德合作项目(G20036200014)

摘　　要：以葡萄枝条为原料,采用好氧静态堆肥箱法(体积为0.25 m3),分别在添加无机N素和不添加无机N素条件 下进行为期122 d的堆肥实验,结合常规化学分析、感应耦合等离子体发射光谱分析(ICPAES)和傅里叶变换红外光 谱(FTIR)分析技术研究了其堆肥化进程中的生物化学变化和物质转化特征。结果表明:添加无机N素和不加无机N 素处理的材料最高温度分别在堆肥后3 d和4 d达到76℃和65℃,堆肥高温(≥50℃)持续时间分别为21 d和7 d。干 物质变化明显分为初期(0-30 d)的快速分解阶段和中后期(30-122 d)的缓慢分解阶段,添加无机N素处理的分解速 度快于不加无机N素的。全C、全N及C/N不断下降,但全N相对含量上升,以添加无机N素处理最为明显。在整个 堆肥过程中,OH、CH3和CH2基化合物相对减少,CO基化合物相对增加,COO化合物以羧酸盐、PO化合物以磷酸盐 的形式出现。标志着脂肪族化合物减少,芳香族化合物增加以及有机物发生了明显的矿化作用。添加无机N素比不 加无机N素能更快地获得成熟稳定和富含作物所需营养的优质生态有机肥或土壤改良剂。The characteristics of changes of biochemistry and organic matter transformation of vineyard prunings composted in open wooden rotting boxes (V=0.25 m3) for 122 days at the treatments of N fertilizer added and no N fertilizer added were monitored by combinative means of chemical, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICPAES) and FTIR spectroscopy analyses. The results showed that the maximum temperature values reached of N fertilizer added and no fertilizer added were 76℃ at the third day of composting and 65℃ at the fourth day, respectively. The length of thermophilic ranges(≥50℃) of N fertilizer added and no fertilizer added remained for 21 and 7 days, respectively. The decomposition of organic materials was obviously divided into two phases, viz., earlier incipient rapid decomposition and mid-later slow decomposition. The rate of decomposition of N fertilizer added was rapider than no N fertilizer added. The decreases of the total C, total absolute N and the C:N ratio, and the increase of the N content were observed during composting. The relative decreases in OH, CH3 and CH2 groups, the increase in CO groups, the appearance of COO groups as the forms of carboxylic salts and PO groups as the forms of phosphatic salts, which indicate that the decreases of aliphatic compounds, the increases of aromatic compounds, and the OM mineralization during composting of vineyard prunings, and the finished and stabilized vineyard prunings compost rich in nutrients required by the crops was faster obtained in N fertilizer added than in no N fertilizer added. Vineyard prunings compost can be used as a quality environment friendly organic fertilizer or a conditioner of soil in agriculture.

关 键 词：葡萄枝条 堆肥 生物化学 物质转化 傅里叶变换红外光谱 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]