大蒜不同品种干物质生产与氮、磷、钾和硫的吸收特性  

Characteristics of dry matter production and N, P, K and S absorption for different garlic cultivars

作　　者：樊治成[1] 郭洪芸[1] 张曙东[1] 王秀峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2005年第2期248-253,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：山东省良种产业化开发项目(鲁科农字[2002]228号)资助。

摘　　要：以三个不同生产目的大蒜品种为试材,于出苗期、花茎伸长期、鳞茎膨大期末取样,测定不同(整个)生长发育阶段的每株干物质增重,每株总干物重和N、P、K、S吸收量,分析了大蒜干物质生产和N、P、K、S吸收特性,以期为合理施肥,制定大蒜优质高产栽培技术提供依据。结果表明:整个生育期早薹蒜2号N、P、K、S的吸收比率为8 96∶1∶5 03∶2 23,苍山蒜为6 01∶1∶2 90∶2 05,苏联2号为5 35∶1∶2 59∶1 83。三个品种大蒜对硫的吸收量大,分别占干重的0 64%、0 77%和0 90%。在花茎伸长期,N、P、K、S的吸收量、吸收比率和干物重比率均为最大。幼苗期干物重比率虽然比鳞茎膨大期小,但早薹蒜2号N、P、K和S的吸收量和吸收比率,苍山蒜N和S的吸收量和吸收比率,苏联2号N、K和S的吸收量和吸收比率高于鳞茎膨大期。而鳞茎膨大期苍山蒜P和K的吸收量和吸收比率,苏联2号P的吸收量和吸收比率高于幼苗期。在经济产量的形成过程中,3个品种对N和K的利用效率不显著;对P和S的利用效率存在显著差异,依次为早薹蒜2号>苍山蒜>苏联2号。Characteristics of dry matter production and N, P, K and S absorption of garlic were studied to provide a properly fertilizer application for a better cultivar quality and yield. The experimental materials were Early scape No. 2, Cangshan and Sulian No. 2 3 garlic cultivars, which had different produce purposes. Samples were taken for the measurement of dry matter production and N, P, K and S contents of single plant at the end of the seedling stage, the scape elongation stage and the bulb swelling stage, respectively. The results showed that, there were significant differences on N, P and S contents per plant among 3 cultivars during whole growth period. N, P and S contents per plant of in Sulian No. 2 was higher than Early scape No. 2and Cangshan. The K content per plant in Early scape No. 2 and Sulian No. 2 was higher than Cangshan. The ratios of N, P, K and S for Early scape No. 2, Cangshan and Sulian No. 2 were 8.96∶1∶5.03∶2.23, 6.01∶1∶2.90∶2.05 and 5.35∶1∶2.59∶1.83 for whole growth period, respectively. The S content of Early scape No. 2, Cangshan and Sulian No. 2, which are 0.64%、0.77%, 0.90%, respectively, were higher than other crops we known. The content per plant and absorption ratio of N, P, K and S at scape elongation stage were highest throughout the growth period coinciding with dry matter production. The content per plant and absorption ratio of N, P, K and S of Early scape No. 2, N and S of Cangshan and N, K and S of Sulian No. 2 in seedling stage were higher than those in bulb swelling stage, and the content per plant and absorption ratio of P and K of Cangshan and P of Sulian No. 2 in bulb swelling stage were bigger than those in seeding stage whereas the ratio of dry matter production in seeding stage were smaller than that in bulb swelling. In the process of economic yield forming, utilization efficiency of N and K among cultivars have no significant differences, but utilization efficiency of P and S among 3 cultivars have significant difference. The order was following:

关 键 词：大蒜 干物质生产 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S633.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]