基于GIS数据库的田野考古地层剖面空间数据挖掘——以陕西临潼姜寨遗址为例  

Data Mining of Field Archaeology Stratum Based on Geographical Information System Database:A Case Study of Jiangzhai Site

作　　者：杨林[1] 闾国年[1] 毕硕本[1] 裴安平[2] 盛业华[1] 陈济民[1] 孙懿青[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理信息科学江苏省重点实验室,江苏南京210097 [2]南京师范大学文物与博物馆系,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2005年第2期28-31,共4页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目"虚拟地理环境系统的研究与开发"(2001AA135130);南京师范大学重点项目"虚拟地理环境下三维地理空间数据模型与数据处理方法研究"(2004105XGQ2B46)

摘　　要：介绍一种基于地理信息系统(GIS)数据库进行田野考古地层剖面空间数据挖掘的方法。即利用虚拟钻孔扫描剖面地层获得相关信息,从中提取田野考古中所需的各文化层及遗迹的厚度、顶界和底界深度等空间数据。实验结果表明,该方法能自动获取地层信息且数据可信度较高。In order to improve traditional data-acquiring method which is based on toilsome manual survey and the data is not accurate enough to be used in precise analysis,the article introduces a method of stratum data-mining of field archaeology based on geographical information system(GIS) database.There are 11 sections in Jiangzhai Site,Lintong,Shanxi in China,which are instanced for testing the method.The pretreatment is a series of GIS progress including framing standard cultural stratums of Jiangzhai Site and demarcating the different stratums of the 11 sections,digitizing,transforming and building topology of the 11 sections,and then setting down the framework of the GIS database and evaluating the attributive result.After that,spatial data-mining is done,namely,with virtual bore scanning section stratum maps which have been digitized and transformed,to distill spatial data from the information of the intersection of virtual bore lines and section stratums(lines).The spatial data involve the width,top length and bottom length of stratum and relic,the top and bottom caliber of relic,which are necessary in field archaeology.The scanning interval could be altered and the less interval value,the more accurate the data.In addition,according to some simple arithmetic that data could be made new information to meet some other need in field archaeology analysis,even describing and visualizing the stratum.At the same time,the data of the same cultural stratum in different section could be added up to acquire more information of some larger region,predicting and evaluating the distribution of the relic.It is proved that not only kinds of stratum information can be gotten automatically through the method,but also the information is more believable and abundant than the original data in related documents.

关 键 词：空间数据挖掘 地层剖面 GIS数据库 考古 地理信息系统(GIS) 遗址 陕西 相关信息 地层信息 自动获取 姜 文化层 可信度 

分 类 号：P534[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] TP392[天文地球—地质学]