磷氮系膨胀型阻燃剂阻燃性能的热重分析  

THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS ON FIRE RETARDANCE OF P-N INTUMESCENT FLAME RETARDANT

作　　者：胡云楚[1] 刘元[1] 孙汉洲[2] 周莹[2] 吴志平[1] 袁光明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林学院工业学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林学院应用化学研究所,湖南株洲412006

出　　处：《林产化学与工业》2005年第1期61-65,共5页Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(03JJY3063);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30471358; 30170754)

摘　　要：膨胀型阻燃体系因其高效低毒的特性而受到广泛的关注。研究了以二氨基双酚A、三氯氧磷和三聚氰胺为原料合成磷酰胺类磷氮系膨胀型阻燃剂的反应条件,并用热重分析和灼烧实验方法初步研究了它对杨木粉的阻燃特性。结果表明:用乙醚作分散介质,二氨基双酚A、三氯氧磷、三聚氰胺的摩尔比为 1∶3∶8,回流时间 5h的条件下,磷氮系膨胀型阻燃剂的得率较高、产品质量好;热重分析表明,杨木粉经磷氮系膨胀型阻燃剂处理后,炭化阶段的峰温有所下降,活化能减小,速率常数变大,残余炭量由 22. 5%增加到 36. 3%,增加比例达到 61. 3%;灼烧实验表明,低于 230℃时,经磷氮系膨胀型阻燃剂处理的杨木粉的灼烧失重大于对照样品,而在高于 230℃以后,阻燃处理杨木粉的灼烧残余质量大于对照样品;经阻燃处理后 350℃残余量由 24. 9%增加到 38. 4%,比对照样增加 54. 2%; 600℃残余量由 7. 3%增加到 22. 3%,比对照样增加 205%;灼烧残渣为黑色泡沫炭层,具有金属光泽。因此,该阻燃剂在受热时能有效地促使木材形成更多的木炭,并形成石墨样光泽的泡沫炭层。Intumescent flame retardant is intensely concerned owing to its high efficiency and low toxicity.The synthesis conditions of phosphoryl amide type P-N intumescent flame retardant from diaminobisphenol A with phosphorus oxychloride and melamine were studied.The fire retardance of P-N intumescent flame retardant on poplar wood was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and burning test.The results showed that the yield of P-N intumescent flame retar-(dant) is high and the quality is optimal as the mole ratio of diaminobisphenol A,phosphorus oxychloride and melamine is 1∶3∶8 in ether for 5 h.The results by thermogravimetric analysis showed that the peak temperature and activation energy in the charring step decreased and charcoal yield increased from 22.5% to 36.3%,or increasing rate of 61.3%,on poplar wood treated by P-N intumescent flame retardant.The results of the burning test showed that the burning weight loss of poplar wood treated by P-N intumescent flame retardant is higher than control under 230 ℃,while charcoal yield is higher than control over 230 ℃.Charcoal yield at 350 ℃ increased from 24.9% to 38.4%,or increasing rate of 54.2%, and the charcoal yield at 600 ℃ increased from 7.3% to 22.3%,or increasing rate of 205%,on poplar wood treated by P-N intumescent flame retardant.The burned residue is black foamed charcoal with metallic gloss,showing that the flame retardant can efficiently promote formation of charcoal from wood to form graphitized foam layer.

关 键 词：木材阻燃 磷氮系膨胀型阻燃剂 热重分析 

分 类 号：TQ314.248[化学工程—高聚物工业]