城市面源污染特征的分析  

Analysis on characteristics of urban non-point source pollution

作　　者：韩冰[1] 王效科[1] 欧阳志云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心系统生态重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《水资源保护》2005年第2期1-4,共4页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重大工程项目(KZCX3 SW 424);国家重大基础科学研究"863"项目水专项(2002AA601022)

摘　　要：对城市面源污染物的种类、来源和危害,以及对受纳水体的影响两方面综合进行分析;系统归纳了城市面源污染特征的研究结果,得出结论:城市地表径流中污染物以悬浮颗粒物为主,其浓度明显大于城市污水;重金属及碳氢化合物浓度在数量级上与未经处理的城市污水基本相同;COD、BOD5、总大肠菌数、TN和TP都低于未经处理的城市污水;不同使用功能的地表降雨径流过程排污状况中,商业区污染负荷最大;城市地表径流污染物中的金属主要来自屋顶径流;碳氢化合物和铅主要是吸附在颗粒上,其他污染物浮动性较大。最后分析了城市面源污染的影响因素,如降雨强度、降雨量、降雨历时、城市土地利用类型、大气污染状况、地表清扫状况等。The type, source and harm of pollutants of urban non-point source pollution and its influence on the receiving water are analyzed. The results of former research on characteristics of urban non-point source pollution are summarized systemically. It is concluded that the main pollutants of urban surface runoff are suspended solid, the concentration of which is distinctively higher than that in sewage. There is no difference in the concentrations of heavy metals and hydrocarbons between urban runoff and untreated sewage. The concentrations of COD, BOD_5, total coli-group, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus are lower than those in urban sewage. Pollution of urban runoff in shopping center is most serious among all types of urban land use. Metals in urban runoff mainly come from roof runoff, and hydrocarbons and lead often adhere to the particulate matters. Other pollutants come with uncertainty. Finally, the factors influencing urban non-point source pollution are discussed, such as the intensity, duration and quantity of rainfall, the urban land use, the condition of atmospheric pollution, and the cleaning condition of land.

关 键 词：城市地表径流 面源污染 污染特征 

分 类 号：X820.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]