小麦－黑麦－中间偃麦草三属杂种F_1及其花粉植株的细胞遗传学研究  

Cytogenetics of the Hybrids and Their Pollen Plants of Three Genera Triticum Secale and Thinopyrum

作　　者：俞春江[1] 贾旭[1] 胡适全[1] 庄家骏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家实验室

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》1994年第6期447-452,共6页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：２个小麦－黑麦－中间偃麦草三属杂种Ｆ１的减数分裂方为复杂，中期Ⅰ染色体平均每细胞构型为１９．５３Ⅰ＋１３．４７Ⅱ＋０．７０Ⅲ＋０．０６Ⅳ和１９．９９Ⅰ＋１３．４２Ⅱ＋０．６５Ⅲ＋０．０４Ⅳ＋０．０１Ⅴ，后期Ⅰ染色体分配不平衡，单价体并不一定排列在赤道板上，产生各种类型的异常四分体。１８株花粉植株染色体组成类型多样，在２个花粉植株中分别观察到端体和等臂染色体。单倍体花粉植株中期Ⅰ染色体配对频率较高，交叉值为１．５１－３．８５。本文还讨论了三属杂种和花药培养的结合应用。The meiotic processe,were very complex in two F1 hybrids of thethree genera Triticum, Secale and Thinopyron. The chromosome configurations of PMC in the two hybrids were 19.53Ⅰ+13.47Ⅱ+0.70Ⅲ+0.06Ⅳ and 19.99Ⅰ+13.42Ⅱ+0.65Ⅲ+0.04Ⅳ+ 0.01Ⅴ respectively. In anaphase Ⅰ, not all of univalents were orderly ranked on the equatorial plate and the chromosome didn't equally distribute to two poles. A variate of abnormal tetrads were formed in telophase Ⅱ. Of 18 pollen plants derived from the hybrids, there were many kinds of chromosome complement. One pollen plant had a telosorne and another had a isochromosome. The haploid pollen plants' pMC showed higher Xta, Which varied in the range of 1.51-3.84. Discusions were made on the significance of transfer useful genes from wild species into wheat cultivars via mothed combining wide hybridization and anther culture.This project supported by National Natural Science Poundation of China

关 键 词：远缘杂交 中间偃麦草 黑麦 小麦 细胞遗传学 

分 类 号：S512.035.1[农业科学—作物学]