蕉类的细胞遗传学研究  

Cytogenetical Studies in Musa (Eumusa)

作　　者：王正询[1] 林兆平[1] 潘坤清[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州师范学院生物系

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》1994年第6期453-462,共10页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：本文对芭蕉属（Ｍｕｓａ）正蕉组（Ｅｕｍｕｓａ）内的一些有代表性的野生种（ＡＡ，ＡＢ，ＢＢ型）和包括香蕉、大蕉在内的二倍体和三倍体食用栽培蕉，共１８个材料进行了核型比较分析，对其中５个重要的栽培蕉品种的花粉母细胞减数分裂进行了观察。从核型、染色体配对以及染色体特殊分离行为等３个方面得到的证据表明，并非所有香蕉都是同源三倍体，有一些香蕉品种的３个染色体组之间同源程度很低。通过对一些特征染色体的分析，推测这种香蕉的单染色体组很可能来自ＢＢ野生蕉、大蕉的３个染色体组之间表现出较高的同源性。因此，本文认为Ｓｉｍｍｏｎｄｓ’分类系统侧重于形态，与染色体组的构成并无必然的对应关系，香蕉的进化是多元的，在香蕉的杂交育种中引入适当的Ｂ染色体组是值得尝试的途径。本文还报道了香蕉中的假减数分裂现象。The karyotypes of ten cultivated varieties of Musa were analvsed and compared with that of eight wild bananas, which included AA group(Musa acuminata), BB group(Musa balbisiana)and AB group(M. acuminata × M. balbisiana). Cytological observation was made in PMC's of some cutivars representative of bananas (AAA group) and plantains(ABB group). The evidances from the karyotypes, chtomosome pairing dnd abnormal segregation of chromosome in meiosis show that not all triploid bananas are autotriploid,the two genomes of some bananas are not so homologous. According to the analysis of some characteristic chromosomes, the single genome of the bananas probably come from the BB wild banana. The three genomes of the plantains are very homologous.So the inference can be made that the Simmonds' classification system is a morphological classification system which has no certain relation to the combination genome, and the triploid cultivated varities of Musa are multifarious in origin.It is worth trying to make use of B genome in the banana cross breeding.In this paper, an abnormal meiosis in banana was reported for the first time.Revision received April 2, 1994. This project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China

关 键 词：芭蕉属 细胞遗传学 染色体组型 

分 类 号：Q949.718.3[生物学—植物学]