黄土高原小流域分布式水蚀预报模型  

Distributed water erosion prediction model for small watershed in loess plateau

作　　者：贾媛媛[1] 郑粉莉[1] 杨勤科[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水利学报》2005年第3期328-332,共5页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目(KZCX3 SW 422);国家自然科学基金重点项目(40335050);农业部948项目(2003 Z57)

摘　　要：本文基于黄土高原丘陵沟壑区小流域地形复杂、径流与侵蚀产沙具有明显垂直分带性的特点,以栅格DEM(DigitalElevationModel)为基础,提出由水文模块和侵蚀模块两部分组成的黄土高原小流域分布式水蚀预报模型。水文模块包括降雨、截留、微地形表面存储、入渗、地表径流和沟道流过程,采用运动波方程实现汇流演算;侵蚀模块考虑雨滴击溅分离、坡面薄层水流、细沟水流、浅沟水流和沟道流剥离与沉积等基本过程,运用泥沙物质平衡原理完成泥沙输移计算。应用模型对次降雨事件模拟的初步结果表明,模型对中度以上侵蚀性降雨事件的模拟精度在85%以上。Based on the grid digital elevation model (DEM), a distributed water erosion prediction model for small watershed in loess plateau is established. The model is composed of hydrological component and erosion component. In the hydrological component, the processes of rainfall, interception, surface storage formed by micro-depression, infiltration, overland flow and channel flow are taken into account, and the implementation of runoff confluence calculation is carried out on the basis of kinetic wave theory. The erosion component includes the splash detachment, detachment rate formed by interrill flow, rill flow, ephemeral gully flow and channel flow, and the calculation of sediment yield is realized according to the principle of dynamic balance of mass. The simulation result of single rainfall event with rainfall intensity higher than medium grade shows that the accuracy of the prediction is acceptable.

关 键 词：水蚀过程 预报模型 分布式 地理信息系统 小流域 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]