甘蓝型油菜杂种优势及产量性状的遗传改良  

Ananlysis of heterosis reveals genetic improvement for yield traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

作　　者：沈金雄[1] 傅廷栋[2] 杨光圣[2] 马朝芝[2] 涂金星[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所国家油料作物改良中心,湖北武汉430062 [2]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2005年第1期5-9,共5页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重大基础研究资助项目(2001CB10807);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2004ABA149)

摘　　要：对不同来源的3个甘蓝型油菜自交不亲和系与22个父本品种的遗传距离及它们以NCII法配制的66个杂交组合的产量、物候期性状进行了分析。结果表明,尽管3个自交不亲和系与父本品种间的遗传差异较小,但它们与国外品种间的杂种F1 产量性状平均优势均较强。杂种生育期及初花至成熟期日数均介于双亲之间,但前者偏向晚熟亲本,而后者却偏向早熟亲本。与其它产量构成因子相比,一次分枝及其角果数不仅对单株产量贡献率最大,且对单株产量杂种优势贡献率亦最高。在油菜产量性状的遗传改良中,特别是在杂种优势利用中,首选目标性状应为一次分枝及其角果数。在保证一次分枝及其角果数前提下,提高角粒数、千粒重亦是一条有效途径。Genetic distances between 3 double low self-incompatible lines and 22 pure line varieties from different geographic origins and performance of 66 hybrids produced by 3 SI lines and these varieties within a NCII mating design for yield traits were analyzed in this study. Results indicated that hybrids made from 3 SI lines and varieties from foreign countries showed the highest mid-parent heterosis for yield/plant, though the genetic differences between the SI lines and the male parents were not distinct. Generally, F_1 hybrid's days from emergence to maturity and from initial flowering to maturity were both between those of the two parents, but the former was closer to that of the serotinous parent, and the later was closer to that of the precocious one. Primary branches and their siliques contributed most not only to seed yield/plant, but also to heterosis of yield/plant. Therefore, the preferred candidate traits in genetic improvement, especially in application of heterosis in rapeseed, were primary branches and their siliques.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 自交不亲和系 杂种优势 产量性状 遗传改良 

分 类 号：S565.403[农业科学—作物学]