磷肥用量对油菜产量、养分吸收及经济效益的影响  

Effect of phosphor application rate on rapeseed yield, nutrient absorption and profit

作　　者：鲁剑巍[1] 陈防[2] 张竹青[3] 刘冬碧[4] 李剑夫 陈健[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]中国科学院武汉植物园,武汉植物研究所湖北武汉430074 [3]湖北农学院环境工程系,湖北荆州434103 [4]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,湖北武汉430064 [5]湖北省土壤肥料工作站,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2005年第1期73-76,共4页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：湖北省教育厅重点课题(2004X20);加拿大钾磷研究所(PPI/PPIC)合作项目(Hubei20)

摘　　要：利用大田试验研究了磷肥用量对油菜生长、产量、养分含量、养分积累及经济收益的影响。结果表明,在4个施磷水平下,蕲春和黄冈两个试验点磷肥(P2O5 )用量分别为135kg/hm2 和90kg/hm2 时效果最好,分别提高产量148. 5%和81. 5%,增加纯利润2 532元/hm2 和1 038元/hm2。施磷能大幅度的增加油菜分枝数、每株角果数、每角籽粒数及在一定程度上提高籽粒千粒重。施磷能不同程度地提高油菜各部位N、P、K养分含量,显著地提高油菜地上部对N、P和K的积累量。根据肥料效应方程和油菜籽及磷肥价格确定,蕲春和黄冈试验点最高产量水平时的磷肥用量分别为145. 3kg/hm2 和119. 2kg/hm2,而最佳施磷量则分别为141. 4kg/hm2 和113. 5kg/hm2。Two field trials with five phosphor (P) application rates of P_2O_5 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180kg/hm^2 were carried out to study the effect of P rate on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) growth, yield, nutrient absorption and benefit during November 2001 to May 2002 at rapeseed production area in southern-east Hubei Province. The result showed that the best P application rate for Qichun site (soil available P 4.8mg/L, very low) was 135kg/hm^2 and for Huanggang site (soil available P 17.8mg/L, at middle level) was 90kg/hm^2. Based on no P treatment with N 180kg/hm^2, K_2O 120kg/hm^2 and Borax 15kg/hm^2, rapeseed yield increased by 148.5% with the best P rate at Qichun trial and by 81.5% at Huanggang trial. The largest net profit at two sites were 2 532Yuan/hm^2 and (1 038) Yuan/hm^2, respectively. P application significantly increased number of plant branches, siliquae per plant and seeds per siliqua, and also improved 1000-seed weight. It is showed that N, P and K content in different parts of plant increased with P fertilization and nutrient accumulation was greatly increased in up-ground plant parts. According to fertilizer response equations, the highest yield P application rate for Qichun site was 145.3kg/hm^2 and for Huanggang site was 119.2kg/hm^2, and the highest profit P application rate at two sites were 141.4kg/hm^2 and 113.5kg/hm^2, respectively.

关 键 词：油菜 磷肥用量 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S565.406[农业科学—作物学]