栖息地特征对褐马鸡种群密度和集群行为的影响  

Habitat factors influencing the population density and flock size of brown eared pheasant

作　　者：张国钢[1] 郑光美[1] 张正旺[1] 郭建荣 王建平 宫树龙 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室 [2]山西省芦芽山自然保护区,宁武036007

出　　处：《生物多样性》2005年第2期162-167,共6页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No. 30330050)

摘　　要：1998-2000年冬季在山西芦芽山自然保护区选择车道沟和梅洞 2个研究地,就栖息地特征对褐马鸡 (Cros soptilonmantchuricum)越冬种群密度和集群大小的影响进行了研究。经χ2 检验,针叶林是褐马鸡冬季经常利用的栖息地类型。对 2个研究地的栖息地结构比较发现,车道沟适宜栖息地的面积较梅洞大,连接性也较好,褐马鸡种群有更为广阔的取食空间和更多的隐蔽场所,而且活动的阻碍也较小;而梅洞栖息地的取食空间较小,隐蔽场所较少,其活动时受到的阻碍也较大。从 2个研究地微生境结构特征的差异,并结合褐马鸡越冬期栖息地选择来看,树高和高层盖度对褐马鸡在 2个栖息地的选择上起重要作用。车道沟乔木较粗大,不但有丰富的食物,而且可提供较好的夜宿条件;高层盖度越大,栖息地的隐蔽条件越好,能吸引更多的褐马鸡个体取食和越冬。研究结果表明,栖息地结构连接性、微生境结构特征的差异以及人为干扰是褐马鸡种群密度和集群行为差异的主要影响因素。Brown eared pheasant ( Crossoptilon mantchuricum ) is a globally threatened species endemic to China. From 1998 to 2000, we studied the habitat factors influencing the wintering population density and flock size of the brown eared pheasant at two study sites in Luyashan Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province. The result showed that coniferous forests are suitable wintering habitat for brown eared pheasant, significant by χ 2 test. Of the two sites studied, Chedaogou has larger area of coniferous forest, and better habitat connectivity for brown eared pheasant. In contrast, at Meidong, there are fewer feeding sites and shelters, resulting from more farmland and bare land. The results of one way ANOVA analysis of microhabitat structure, combined with wintering habitat selection factors, indicate that canopy density and height of trees are the main factors influencing habitat selection by brown eared pheasants. In Chedaogou, tall trees and dense forests provide richer food, better roost sites and shelters, and thus attract more brown eared pheasants. The results suggest that habitat connection, microhabitat structure and human disturbance are the key factors influencing local population density and flock size of the brown eared pheasant.

关 键 词：种群密度 集群行为 褐马鸡 特征对 山西芦芽山自然保护区 隐蔽场所 结构特征 2000年 X^2检验 栖息地选择 栖息地结构 集群大小 结构比较 隐蔽条件 研究结果 人为干扰 连接性 微生境 车道 针叶林 取食 越冬期 冬季 空间 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]