食蚜蝇科的分类系统及其研究进展  

The classification systems of Syrphidae and advance in the related researches

作　　者：张宏杰[1] 霍科科[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西理工学院陕西资源生物重点实验室,汉中723000

出　　处：《昆虫知识》2005年第2期132-138,共7页Entomological Knowledge

基　　金：陕西省教育厅科研基金项目 (0 2JK196 )

摘　　要：综述了食蚜蝇科的分类系统及其研究进展。林奈未能正确地区分出食蚜蝇类昆虫 ,将当时已知的大约 3 7种食蚜蝇归入家蝇属Musca中。Fabricius首次建立的食蚜蝇属Syrphus包括了当时已知的大部分食蚜蝇种类和一些非食蚜蝇种类 ,一些真正的食蚜蝇仍保留在家蝇属Musca及其它属中。MosesHarris是第 1位将食蚜蝇与双翅目其它类群分开的学者。Latreille首次建立食蚜蝇科Syrphiae。Fall啨ｎ以“Syrphici”作为食蚜蝇科的科名 ,现代食蚜蝇科的名称“Syrphidae”由Leach提出。目前 ,多数学者认为食蚜蝇科隶属于双翅目的环裂亚目Cyclorrhapha、无缝组Aschiza ,头蝇科Pipunculidae是其姊妹群 ,二者构成食蚜蝇总科Syrphiodea。在分类系统方面 ,Rondani首次将食蚜蝇科分为 5个亚科。Lioy第 1次依据幼虫摄食习性将食蚜蝇划分为 5个群 (group) ,并对Eristaliti群进行了再划分。Schiner依据径中横脉 (r m)的位置将食蚜蝇科分为 2个类群 ,将食蚜蝇科分为 8个亚科。Williston将食蚜蝇科划分为 3个亚科 ,包括1 4个族。Verrall在Schiner和Williston系统的基础上 ,提出分 7个亚科的分类系统 ,这一系统得到其后学者的认可和引用 ,如Efflatoun、Brunetti、Ferguson等。Bezzi也引用Verrall的系统 。This paper deals with the classification systems of Syrphidae and advancements in its research process.Linnaeus could not correctly separate hoverflies from other groups of Diptera and identified about 37 species of hoverflies known to science into the so-called genus Musca.The genus Syrphus proposed by Fabricius who assigned most of the known hoverflies and non syrphid species to this genus,but some of other real syrphid species were still retained in the Musca and other genera.Moses Harris was the first person who separated hoverflies from other groups of Diptera.Latreille used `Syrphiae' as the family name and Fallén`Syrphici'.The modern family name `Syrphidae' was introduced by Leach in 1819 and from then it was accepted and used widely.It is now held that Syrphidae belongs to Section Aschiza,Suborder Cyclorrhapha of Diptera.Syrphidae formed the superfamily Syrphiodea together with its sister group Pipunculidae.Rondani was the first to classify syrphid genera at subfamily level and recognized five subfamilies.Schiner divided the hoverflies into two groups based on the position of crossvein (r-m) and proposed eight subfamilies in 1864.Lioy was the first to use larval feeding habits in classification of hoverflies and divided it into five groups,and among which Eristaliti was divided into three sub-groups.Williston divided Syrphidae into three subfamilies and fourteen tribes.Having followed the works of Schiner and Willitson,Verrall proposed a seven-subfamily system accepted by the latter scholars and quoted in their works as Efflatoun,Brunetti and Ferguson.Bezzi quoted the Verrall's system in his 'Revision of Australian Syrphidae (Diptera)',but he replaced Eristalinae of Verrall's system with Merodontinae and Milesinae with Xylotinae.It may be said that the works of Verrall's and Williston's were the bases of taxonomy of Syrphidae.It had influenced the latter scholars greatly so Verrall thought some groups of syrphids ought to be raised to subfamily level.Shannon introduced a ten-subfamily system.Curran ere

关 键 词：食蚜蝇科 分类系统 研究进展 分子生物学技术 摄食习性 形态结构特征 Smith 生物学特征 食蚜蝇属 环裂亚目 进化趋势 化石记录 综合研究 研究领域 双翅目 亚科 学者 划分 类群 头蝇科 蝇总科 幼虫 Coe 染色体 家蝇 种类 

分 类 号：Q969[生物学—昆虫学]