现代海底热液活动的热和物质通量估算  

Heat and mass flux estimation of modern seafloor hydrothermal activity

作　　者：翟世奎[1] 王兴涛[1] 于增慧[1] 李怀明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《海洋学报》2005年第2期115-121,共7页

基　　金：国家重大基础研究规划(973)资助项目(G2000078503);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40246024)

摘　　要：对现代海底热液活动所导致的热和物质的通量研究是非常重要的,因为这不仅涉及到海洋环境研究的基础,而且涉及到海水性质的历史演化.当前对热通量估算的主要依据是来自对热液烟囱、低温扩散流及洋中脊的观测数据, 然而在对烟囱体热通量的估算中很少考虑同时存在的传导项,半空间冷却模型的热通量密度函数与实际数据误差较大.因此,应用了三种方法重新估算了热液活动的热通量:(1)通过烟囱体及扩散流估算的热液热通量为97 359 GW;(2)通过热液羽状体估算的热通量为84 895 GW;(3)利用所提出的指数衰减法,通过洋壳传导通量估算的热通量为4 11 TW.对物质通量估算的研究较少,其原因是现场观测数据太少.以大西洋中脊TAG区热液流体为代表首次估算了不同元素的物质通量.用不同方法所得估算值的差异反映了人类对热液活动的认知程度,系统地现场观测将有助于准确估算热液活动对海洋的贡献.Research on heat and mass flux caused by modern seafloor hydrothermal activity is very important, because it is not only the base of ocean environment research, but also involved in historical evolution of seawater properties. Currently, data using to estimate heat flux are from observation data at hydrothermal smokers, low-temperature diffusive flow and the mid-ocean ridge mainly. But there are some faults, for example, there is a lack of concurrent conductive item in estimating heat flux by smokers, error between the half-space cooling model and the observation data is too large. So, three kinds of methods are applied to reestimating heat flux of hydrothermal activity resepectively, corresponding estimation is (97.359) GW by the hydrothermal smoker and the diffusive flow, 84.895 GW by hydrothermal plume, and 4.11 TW by exponential attenuation method put forward by this paper. Research on mass flux estimation is relatively rare, the main reason for this is insufficient field observation data. Mass fluxes of different elements are calculated using data from TAG hydrotherm area in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge for the first time. Difference of estimations by different methods reflects the researching extent of hydrothermal activity, and systematically in-situ observation will help to estimate the contribution of hydrothermal activity to ocean circulation and global climate precisely.

关 键 词：热液活动 热通量 物质通量 指数衰减法 

分 类 号：P738.6[天文地球—海洋地质]