棉花膜下滴灌水氮耦合的初步研究  

Primary Study on Water-nitrogen Coupling Effect on Cotton Plant in Condition of Film Mulch and Drip Irrigation

作　　者：雷咏雯[1] 郭金强[1] 危常州[1] 侯振安[1] 田长彦[2] 鲍柏杨[3] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院资源与环境系,新疆石河子832003 [2]中国科学院新疆生物地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆生产建设兵团农六师芳草湖农场,新疆呼图壁831208

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2005年第1期43-47,共5页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：农业部"94 8"重大专项 ( 2 0 0 3 Z5 3 );兵团科技计划项目 (GKB0 3SDXGJ2 7DX)资助

摘　　要：采用田间单因素和复因素试验研究了棉花膜下滴灌耗水和氮素养分吸收的规律 ,并建立棉花膜下滴灌水氮耦合方程。研究结果表明 ,现蕾前吸收的氮素养分不到总量的 5 % ,盛花到吐絮期吸收养分的比例最大 ,超过6 0 % ,棉花膜下滴灌将大部分氮肥以追肥分配给棉花是符合棉花养分需求的生理规律的。膜下滴灌棉花全生育期耗水量在北疆石河子地区 ,苗期平均耗水量为 4 4mm ,蕾期平均耗水量为 1 1 3mm ,开花 盛铃期平均耗水量为 1 82mm ,盛铃期 -吐絮期平均耗水量为 98mm ,总耗水量为 4 3 7mm ,随着灌溉量的增加 ,棉花耗水量也逐渐增加。建立了棉花水氮耦合回归方程 ,据此计算最高产量灌溉量为 4 1 89.5m3/hm2 ,最高产量施N量为 2 2 3 .5kg/hm2 。采用“空间寻址法”计算最佳水肥耦合组合 ,发现棉花产量在 4 5 6 0～ 5 0 4 0kg/hm2 的频率最大 ,相应的最佳灌溉量、施氮量分别为4 1 2 5m3/hm2 、2 0 5 .5kg/hm2 以及 4 1 70m3/hm2 、2 2 3 .5kg/hm2 。因此建议施氮量 2 1 4 .5kg/hm2 ,灌溉量 4 1 2 5m3/hm2Single and multi-factors field experiments were conducted to explore the rule of cotton plant′s nitrogen absorption and water consuming under film mulch and drip irrigation,and nitrogen rate/irrigation coupling effect function was established as well.Our results illustrated that minor nitrogen was absorbed before budding whereas over 60% nitrogen was absorbed during flowering and boll-opening period.This suggested that it is reasonable to distribute most of the nitrogen fertilizer in form of top-dressing which is fit to cotton physiological demands.The average apparent water consuming capacity is 44mm in seedling,113mm in budding,280mm from omthesis to boll-opening period,the whole water consuming capacity in cotton all life is 437mm in Shihezi area in the condition of film mulch and drip irrigation.With the increase of the amount of irrigation, the cotton plant water consuming capacity is increased as well.Water-nitrogen coupling function was established by a multi-factors experiment,then we calculated that the maximum yield irrigation was 4189.5m^3/hm^2, and the maximum yield N application was 223.5kg/hm^2.'spatial address searching'method was adopted to find the best economic yield,irrigation and N rate.We found that the yield,4560-5040kg/hm^2,occupied the biggest probability,and accordingly,the irrigation and N rate are 4125m^3/hm^2,205.5Nkg/hm^2 and 4170m^3/hm^2,223.5kg/hm^2.We then suggested that with 214.5kg/hm^2 N rate and 4125m^3/hm^2 irrigation is the best combination in the normal film mulch and drip irrigation cotton production.

关 键 词：棉花 膜下滴灌 水氮耦合 

分 类 号：S562.062[农业科学—作物学]