短季棉早熟不早衰生化辅助育种技术研究  

Studies on Biochemical Assistant Breeding Technology of Earliness Without Premature Senescence of the Short-Season Upland Cotton

作　　者：喻树迅[1] 宋美珍[1] 范术丽[1] 原日红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/农业部遗传改良重点实验室,安阳455004

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2005年第4期664-670,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划资助项目(2002AA241021);国家"973"项目(2004CB117300)

摘　　要：为解决棉花育种中普遍存在的早熟早衰问题,研究了与短季棉早熟不早衰有关的抗氧化系统酶包括超氧化物岐化酶SOD、过氧化物酶POD 和过氧化氢酶CAT,氧化产物之一丙二醛性MDA,以及生长素IAA 和脱落酸ABA在不同类型短季棉品种中不同生长发育时期的变化规律和遗传特性。CAT 活性、叶绿素含量存在明显的母体效应;SOD 活性、可溶性蛋白含量、IAA 和MDA 含量存在显著的显性效应;POD 活性、ABA 含量存在显著的加性效应。根据不同种类生化物质的变化及其遗传规律,建立了生化辅助育种技术体系,确定了早熟不早衰品种生化物质的相对选择标准:选择范围、选择酶活量和选择时间;应用该技术成功培育出早熟不早衰的短季棉中棉所20、中棉所24、中棉所27 和中棉所36 等品种。: The anti-oxidant enzymes including SOD, POD and CAT and MDA, which is one of the oxidant products, and IAA and ABA, which were relative to earliness but not to decrepitation of the short-season upland cotton (SSC), were studied. The changes and hereditary characters of these biochemical substances at different development stages in different types of short-season upland cottons were studied. CAT activity and ABA content in SSC had significant maternal effect. The activity of SOD, the contents of soluble proteins, IAA and MDA showed significant dominant effect. The activity of POD and the contents of ABA showed significant additive effect. Based on the changes and genetic development, the biochemical assistant breeding technology was established and the relative selective standards, i.e. the selective range, activity of enzymes and time, were determined. Zhongmiansuo 20, 24, 27, 36 and so on were successfully bred by using the biochemical assistant breeding technology.

关 键 词：短季棉 早熟不早衰性 辅助育种 超氧化物岐化酶 过氧化物酶 过氧化氢酶 丙二醛 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]