时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿  

Compensation for spherical dispersion and absorption in time-frequency-space domain

作　　者：凌云 高军 吴琳 

机构地区：[1]CNPC东方地球物理公司凌云研究组,河北省涿州市11信箱072751

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2005年第2期176-182,189,共8页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

摘　　要：陆上地震勘探由于近地表岩性的空间变化,导致激发能量和激发子波也随之产生严重的空间变化,进而引起最终成像储层反射地震属性信息的变化,并且这种变化要远大于地质和油气因素引起的储层信息变化,势必给储层的识别带来困难。以往的球面发散与吸收补偿、地表一致性振幅补偿和地表一致性反褶积在某种程度上可以消除一定的近地表影响,但它们难以在时间、频率和空间三个域内有效地消除近地表的影响。为此,本文在原有时频域球面发散与吸收衰减补偿方法的基础上,提出了“时频空间域球面发散与吸收衰减补偿”方法。该方法通过对油田的三维开发地震数据的处理、解释和开发钻井的验证,表明该补偿方法在消除近地表对地震属性的空间影响的同时,还满足相对保持储层振幅信息的处理要求。The special variations of near-surface lithology in land seismic exploration lead to significant special changes in shooting energy and shooting wavelets,and then result in seismic reflection attributes of final imaged reservoirs.These changes are much more large than the changes in reservoir information caused by geology and oil/gas factors,leading to a difficulty for reservoir identification.Former compensation for spherical dispersion and absorption,surface-consistent amplitude compensation and surface-consistent deconvolution can eliminate certain near-surface influence in some degree,but are difficult to effectively eliminate near-surface influence in three domains:time,frequency and space.For that reason,on the basis of original method of compensation for spherical dispersion and attenuation by absorption in time-frequency domain,the paper presented the method of “Compensation for spherical dispersion and absorption in time-frequency-space domain”.The method has been proved by processing,interpretation and production drilling of 3D development seismic data in real oil field that the compensation method can meet the processing demand for relative reservation of amplitude information of reservoir,while eliminating influence of near-surface on seismic attributes.Therefore,the method is effective method for compensation for near-surface and ground attenuation by absorption.

关 键 词：空间域 发散 球面 陆上地震勘探 地表一致性 地震属性信息 大地吸收衰减 空间变化 补偿方法 近地表 激发能量 信息变化 振幅补偿 地震数据 开发钻井 空间影响 振幅信息 有效方法 储层 反褶积 和空间 时频域 岩性 子波 油气 

分 类 号：P631.424[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] TP391[天文地球—地质学]