中国部分城市3～6岁儿童忽视状况及影响因素分析  

Study on the current situation and influential factors of child neglect among aged 3-6 year-olds in the urban areas of China

作　　者：潘建平[1] 杨子尼[2] 任旭红[3] 王桂香[4] 王惠珊[5] 席卫平[6] 潘玉泉 马葆靖[8] 石淑华[9] 弋花妮[10] 傅平[11] 古桂雄[12] 静进[13] 俞红[14] 李琼昭 李威[16] 喻贵清 马西 武雅俐[19] 黎海芪[20] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院公共卫生系,710061 [2]西安交通大学第一医院妇幼中心 [3]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心 [4]吉林大学第二医院妇幼系 [5]北京市儿童保健所 [6]山西省妇幼保健院 [7]阳泉市妇幼保健院 [8]郑州大学第三医院儿童保健科 [9]华中科技大学同济公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健系 [10]济南市妇幼保健院 [11]青岛市妇女儿童医疗保健中心 [12]苏州大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科 [13]中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼系 [14]佛山市妇幼保健院 [15]海南省妇幼保健院 [16]新疆煤矿总医院 [17]贵州省妇幼保健所 [18]陕西省妇幼保健院 [19]宝鸡市妇幼保健院 [20]重庆医科大学儿童医院

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2005年第4期258-262,共5页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

摘　　要：目的了解中国城市儿童忽视现状,明确影响儿童忽视的主要危险因素。方法采用“中国3～6岁城区儿童忽视常模”中规定的量表和评价方法,对全国25个城市采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,共调查1163例3～6岁儿童,其中男童占49.6%,少数民族占4.5%。分别计算不同地区、年龄、性别、忽视类型(身体、情感、教育、医疗、安全等)的忽视分值、忽视率与忽视度。忽视危险因素的多因素分析分别采用Binarylogistic回归分析和多元线性逐步回归分析方法。结果(1)3～6岁城区儿童总忽视率为28.0%,各年龄组间差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.798,P>0.05);忽视度为42.2,各年龄组间差异无统计学意义(F=0.988,P>0.05);男、女儿童忽视率分别为32.6%和23.7%(χ2=6.585,P<0.05),忽视度分别为42.7和41.8(F=2.502,P>0.05);在儿童忽视的5种类型中,忽视度为39.4～43.4,忽视率为5.1%～12.9%,除身体忽视外,其他4种类型的发生率性别间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);所有儿童均以单项(即只在5种忽视类型的任何一种)受忽视为主(发生率16.5%,构成比58.9%)。在不同类型结构的家庭中,以单亲家庭中的儿童受忽视率最高(42.9%),核心家庭次之,而“三世同堂”家庭中儿童受忽视率最低(25.5%)。无论以年龄或性别分组,儿童均为在安全、医疗方面受到的忽视较轻。Objective Children aged 3-6 years in the urban areas of China were surveyed for the first time to find out the state of child neglect (CN) as well as the major relevant risk factors so as to provide evidence for developing intervention measures. Methods 1163 children ( of whom 49.6 % were males and 4.5 % were minority nationality) were randomly sampled under multistage stratification, from 25 cities which representating 15 provinces of China. Based on the Child Neglect Norms used by China, prevalence of CN was idenfied and SPSS-Windows 11.0 was employed for statistical analysis. Scores, frequency/ degrees, age, sex and 5 types (physical, emotional, educational, medical and safety) of CN on every group of the regions, were calculated. Multifactorial analysis was conducted through Binary Logistic Regression and multiple linear regression to determine the relevant risk factors. Results (1)The average degree of CN for the 3-6 year-olds was 42.2 , with its prevalence as 28.0 %. Degrees of CN for the groups of 3,4,5, 6- year-olds were 41.7 , 42.2 , 42.1 and 43.1 ( F= 0.988 , P> 0.05 ), with frequencies of 25.0 %, 25.3 %, 27.9 % and 35.4 %( χ2= 4.798 , P> 0.05 ), respectively. Degrees for CN in males and females were 42.7 and 41.8 ( F= 2.502 , P> 0.05 ) with the frequencies as 32.6 % and 23.7 % ( χ2= 6.585 , P< 0.05 ), respectively. Degrees of CN for the five types were 39.4- 43.4 with the frequencies as 5.1%- 12.9 %, respectively. No significant difference was found in the frequency of the types (with an exception on 'physical neglect') between males and females ( P> 0.05 ).The highest frequency ( 42.9 %) of CN was seen in the single-parent families and the lowest in large family with three generations( 25.5 %). (2)According to monofactorial χ2 test, the possible risk factors of CN would include: educational background, occupation and decrease of income of the parents during last year, etc. (3)Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the influential factors to the occurrence of CN would include: father's educ

关 键 词：儿童忽视 影响因素分析 LOGISTIC回归分析 父母亲文化程度 逐步回归分析 多因素分析 危险因素 3~6岁儿童 母亲职业 多元线性 城区儿童 单亲家庭 医疗方面 家庭类型 X^2检验 统计学 中国城市 抽样方法 少数民族 不同地区 

分 类 号：C913.5[经济管理]