中海石油南海西部基地媒介生物种群及分布研究  

Survey on Population and Distribution of Bio-vector in China Off-shore Oil Nanhai West Corporation

作　　者：王爱民 蔡传烈 斯武 

机构地区：[1]湛江出入境检验检疫局卫生检疫处,湛江524022

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2005年第2期114-117,共4页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的调查了解中海石油南海西部基地媒介昆虫和鼠形动物及其体外寄生虫的种群分布和季节消长情况。方法蚊类调查采用人工小时法;蝇类用笼捕法及手网捕捉法;鼠形动物用夹夜法和笼捕法。结果蚊类有2亚科4属4种,以致倦库蚊为优势种,占捕获总数的65.4%,最高和最低密度月份分别是2和7月,年平均密度为32.0只/人工小时。蝇类有6科20亚科57属129种,以金蝇为优势种,占笼捕总数的63.4%,最高和最低密度月份分别是2和11月,年均密度是36.6只/(笼·日)。鼠形动物有2目3科4属7种,体外寄生虫4种,其中蚤有2科2属2种,革螨有1科2属2种。年度鼠形动物染蚤率23.7%,染革螨率36.8%,感染率最高的分别是褐家鼠和海南屋顶鼠。年度鼠形动物染带蚤指数为0.7,染带革螨指数为1.8,感染指数最高的鼠形动物分别是褐家鼠和海南屋顶鼠。动物体蚤感染率最高和最低月份分别是5和8～12月,鼠密度年平均1.3%。结论南海西部基地存在传播登革热和霍乱的媒介昆虫,具备鼠疫疫源地的条件,要坚持综合治理,预防登革热、霍乱和鼠疫的发生。Objective To investigate the population, distribution and seasonal growth-decline of mosquitoes, flies and murine-like animals and their external parasites in China Off-shore Oil Nanhai West Corporation (CONHW). Methods ~Applying cage trap and net catches methods to catch flies, house catches method at night to cafch mosquitoes, night nip trap and cage trap methods to catch the murine-like animals. Results The mosquitoes were identified as 2 subfamilies, 4 genera, 4 species, Culex pipiens fatigans was predominant species and accounted for ~65.4% , its annual average density was ~32.0 per hour per person,peak in February and lowest in July. The flies belonged to 5 families,20 subfamilies, 57 genera, 128 species, the annual average density is ~36.6 flies per cage per day. Chrysomyinae was most and accounted for ~63.4% ; the highest density appeared in February, the lowest in November. There were 7 species of murine-like animal (4 genera, 3 families, 2 orders) and two kinds of external parasite: 2 species of gamasid mite (2 genera, and 1 family) and 2 species of flea (2 gen, 2 fam). The yearly percentage of animals infected with flea and gamasid mite was ~23.7% and ~36.2% respectively. The animals infected with most flea and Gamasid mite was Rattus norvgicus and R.rattus hainanicus G.M Allen. The yearly indexes of animal infected with flea and Gamasid mite were ~0.7 and ~1.8 respectively. The animals with the highest indexes were R.norvegicus and R.rattus hainanicus G.M Allen. The corresponding months with highest and lowest infection rate in flea was in May and from August to December respectively. The mean annual density of rodent was 1.2% in CONHW. Conclusion ~Potential Bio-vectors of infectious disease such as plague, cholera and yellow fever etc. exist in CONHW, more attention should be paid to control them.

关 键 词：南海西部 分布研究 生物种群 基地 石油 鼠形动物 体外寄生虫 媒介昆虫 季节消长 种群分布 致倦库蚊 平均密度 综合治理 优势种 褐家鼠 感染率 登革热 捕捉法 笼捕 月份 革螨 蚤指数 年平均 鼠密度 疫源地 小时 人工 蚊类 

分 类 号：Q141[生物学—生态学] P618.13[生物学—普通生物学]