渗灌节水技术及其经济效益浅析  

Seeping Irrigation Techniques and Analysis on its Economic Benefits

作　　者：巴特尔.巴克 郑大玮[1] 宋秉彝[2] 郑大豪[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094 [2]北京市农林科学院,北京100087 [3]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100094

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2005年第2期8-10,共3页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：北京市农委"北京地区农田渗灌技术节水高产研究"项目;国家科技部"北京市水资源可持续利用的经济研究"项目;荷兰农业部 Wa ter for Food Programme"Improvement of Agricultural Water Management in North China"项目(10823)资助。

摘　　要：对渗灌的优缺点以及国内外研究应用现状进展进行了概述,提出了解决渗灌技术问题(防堵措施)的方法。以喷灌作为比较,分析了渗灌技术经济效益,并对渗灌在干旱半干旱地区的应用前景进行了分析。结果表明:我国目前渗灌技术及其应用水平状况尚处于初级阶段且与发达国家差距很大;渗灌比其他灌溉方式有最省灌溉水,有利于作物生长与增产，水分利用效率高,能耗低等优点;渗灌最大的缺陷是管道容易堵塞,虽然有防堵管道,但造价高,目前只能用于蔬菜和果树等经济作物;与移动式喷灌比较,渗灌虽然一次性投入较大,但在同等折旧年限下,渗灌的净效益更高,比喷灌多10.9%,是更经济合理的灌溉方式;渗灌在保护地栽培、荒漠化治理、盐碱地改良、城镇绿化等领域有广阔的应用前景。The research advancement on advantages and shortcomings of seeping irrigation techniques was reviewed in this paper. The possible solution for problems of seeping irrigation techniques have been suggested. Comparing with sprinkler irrigation, economic benefits of seeping irrigation have been analyzed, application landscape of seeping irrigation techniques in drought and semi-drought areas have been discussed. The results showed that seeping irrigation techniques and its application level in China is just in the primary level, has a great gap compared to developed countries. Seeping irrigation can save more water, get more yield and has much higher WUE than other irrigation methods, while the most fatal problem of it is the seeping tube easily to be jammed. Though existing some unti-jam tubes, but they cost much, only can be used for economic crops, vegetables, fruit trees. Compared to movable sprinkler irrigation , despite its high cost for building, seeping irrigation can give 10.9% more net benefits, so it is an reasonable irrigation methods. Seeping irrigation will be mostly used for dependency cultivation, desertification control, improvement of saline soil, and city virescence in the future.

关 键 词：渗灌 研究进展 技术特性 经济效益 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]