农村粪便处理设施建设质量与卫生学效果关系的研究  

Relationship between quality of faeces-treatment facility and effect of hygiene in countryside

作　　者：杭德荣[1] 颜维安[1] 吴荷珍[1] 陈晓进[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省寄生虫病防治研究所,无锡214064 [2]江苏省爱国卫生运动委员会办公室

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2005年第2期133-137,共5页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：江苏省地方病协会资助课题 (ID:X2 0 0 3 3 4)

摘　　要：目的　了解农村改厕地区粪便处理设施构筑物质量、无害化处理卫生效果及关系。方法　在江苏省范围内选择5个不同情况的村作为调查村,对居民的户厕及粪便处理设施进行现场和实验室调查,检测构筑物指标(池容积、过粪管、渗漏、密闭情况及总体合格率)和卫生学指标(寄生虫卵沉降率、粪大肠菌群值、氨氮、化学需氧量(CODcr)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5) ) ,并作相应统计分析。结果　计家墩村户厕均为砼预制式并由专业人员施工的三格式户厕,池总体合格率达96 .7% ,寄生虫卵沉降率和粪大肠菌群值两项同时达标率为10 0 .0 % ,且粪大肠菌群值幂指数平均提高3.0 7,CODcr降解率为88.0 % ;常熟林场户厕大部分为按图施工的三格式户厕,池总体合格率为73.3% ,寄生虫卵沉降率和粪大肠菌群值两项同时达标率为90 .0 % ,CODcr降解率为80 .2 % ;无锡河西村和仪征五一村户厕均为自建的二格式户厕,池总体合格率分别为33.3%和30 .0 % ,寄生虫卵沉降率和粪大肠菌群值两项同时达标率分别为76 .7%和70 .0 % ,但大部分粪大肠菌群值幂指数仅提高1个数量级,具有降解效果的化粪池中,粪大肠菌群值幂指数平均分别提高1.5 3、1.35。结论　粪便处理设施构筑物质量越好,其无害化处理卫生效果越高。池容积也是决定其卫生效果的关键因素。化粪池有?Objective To understand the co nstructing quality of the faeces-treatment facilities and the healthy effect of non -hazardous treatment in rural sanitation-improvement areas, and the relationsh ip between them.Methods The latrines and faeces- tr eatment facilities were surveyed in field and the faeces samples detected in l ab from five different villages of Jiangsu Province. Indexes of constructing material and hygiene were analyzed statistically. Results All of latrines in Jijiadun Village were three-gril l e mode, constructed by professional workers, the total eligible rate of the gril le tank wa s 96.7%, the “reaching criteria rate” of the parasite ova sediment and the va lue of fecal coliform bacteria was 100.0%. The exponential value of fecal coli fo rm bacteria increased 3.07 averagely, and the degradation rate of CODcr was 88 .0%. Most of the latrines in Linchang Village, Changshu City were three-grille tank , constructed according to the construction blueprint, the total eligible rate o f the grille tank was 73 .3%, the “reaching criteria rate” of the parasite ova sediment and the value of fecal coliform bacteria 90.0% and the degradation rate of CODcr 80.2%. All of latr ines in Hexi Village, Wuxi City and Wuyi Village, Yizheng City were two-grille tank, constructed by local farmers themselves, the total eligible rates were 33.3% and 30.0% respectively,the “reaching criteria rates” of the parasite ov a degradation rate and the value of fecal coliform bacteria were 76.7% and 70.0% respective ly , but most of the exponential value of fecal coliform bacteria increased by only one ten fold. The exponential value of fecal coliform bacteria increased 1.5 3 a nd 1.35 averagely among the sediment-effective grille tanks. C onclusio n The better the quality of the building material, the better the healthy effect of non-hazardous treatment. The shape of the grille tank is the ke y factor in facility's healthy effect. The effective depth of the faeces-treatm en t grille tank is the

关 键 词：粪便处理设施 构筑物质量 卫生效果 

分 类 号：R383[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]