2004年北半球大气环流及对中国气候异常的影响  

General Circulation over the Northern Hemisphere in 2004 and Its Impact on the Climate in China

作　　者：陈丽娟[1,2,3] 许力[1,4] 江滢[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,中国气象局气候研究开放实验室,北京100081 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所 [3]中国科学院研究生院 [4]北京大学物理学院

出　　处：《气象》2005年第4期27-31,共5页Meteorological Monthly

摘　　要：20 0 4年上半年,赤道中、东太平洋大气、海洋状况总体上处于正常状态。7月以来,赤道中、东太平洋海表温度明显增暖;2 0 0 4年西太平洋副热带高压持续偏强,夏季西伸脊点位置偏东、脊线位置偏北;6月上中旬贝加尔湖以西地区50 0hPa高度场偏高,7月中旬和8月中旬贝加尔湖地区高度场偏高;2 0 0 4年南海季风爆发时间接近常年,南亚夏季风偏强;青藏高原50 0hPa高度场偏高,冬季积雪较常年稍偏多;2 0 0 4年上半年,赤道太平洋对流活动普遍受到抑制,7月后期开始,1 6 0°W以西海域上空对流活动较常年明显增强。2 0 0 4年中国气候异常可能是下垫面热力异常和大气环流异常共同作用的结果。General circulation features over the Northern Hemisphere in 2004 are analyzed. In the first half year of 2004, the atmosphere and ocean in the central and eastern Pacific near equator tended to be a normal state. From July 2004, SST in the equatorial middle and east Pacific became warmer than before. Subtropical high over the west Pacific Ocean continued to be strong in 2004. It located eastward to its normal position and the ridge line was northward to its normal value in summer. In the first and second dekad of June, the geopotential height was higher than its normal value over the west of Baikal. In the second dekad of July and August, the geopotential height field was higher than its normal over Baikal. The South China Sea summer monsoon outbreaked in normal time and the South Asia summer monsoon was stronger than normal. The 500hPa potential high over Tibetan in 2004 was higher than normal and the snow cover was more than normal. The convection over the warm pool was more active in the second half year than that in the first half year in 2004. The climate anomaly in 2004 was possibly caused by the SST anomalies of the tropical Pacific and atmospheric general circulation.

关 键 词：2004年 气候异常 500hPa高度场 中国 北半球 西太平洋副热带高压 大气环流异常 东太平洋 贝加尔湖 对流活动 赤道太平洋 海洋状况 海表温度 爆发时间 南海季风 青藏高原 冬季积雪 共同作用 热力异常 上半年 偏高 西海域 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P457.6